The Project Gutenberg EBook of Catherine Booth, by Mildred Duff

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org


Title: Catherine Booth
       A Sketch

Author: Mildred Duff

Posting Date: September 11, 2012 [EBook #7125]
Release Date: December, 2004
First Posted: March 12, 2003

Language: English

Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1

*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CATHERINE BOOTH ***




Produced by Curtis A. Weyant, Charles Franks and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team.










CATHERINE BOOTH
A SKETCH

_Reprinted from The Warriors' Library_

BY
COLONEL MILDRED DUFF

WITH A PREFACE BY
GENERAL BRAMWELL BOOTH




PREFACE



Colonel Duff has, at my request, written the following very interesting
and touching account of my dear Mother; and she has done so in the hope
that those who read it will be helped to follow in the footsteps of that
wonderful servant of God.

But how can they do so? Was not Mrs. Booth, you ask, an exceptional
woman? Had she not great gifts and very remarkable powers, and was she
not trained in a very special way to do the work to which God called her?
How, then, can ordinary people follow in her steps? Let me tell you.

Mrs. Booth walked with God. When she was only a timid girl, helping her
mother in the household, she continually sought after Him; and when, in
later years, she became known by multitudes, and was written of in the
newspapers, and greatly beloved by the good in many lands, there was no
difference in her life in that matter. She was not content with being
Mrs. General Booth of The Salvation Army, and with being looked upon as a
great and good woman, giving her life to bless others. No!  she listened
daily for God's voice in her own heart, sought after His will, and leaned
continually for strength and grace upon her Saviour.  You can be like her
in that.

Mrs. Booth was a soul-winner. A little while before her spirit passed
into the presence of God, and when she knew that death was quite near to
her, she said: 'Tell the Soldiers that the great consolation for a
Salvationist on his dying bed is to feel that he has been a soul-winner.'
Wherever she went--in the houses of strangers as well as of friends, in
the Meetings, great and small, when she was welcomed and when she was
not, whether alone or with others--she laboured to lead souls to Christ.
I have known her at one time spend as much trouble to win one as at
another time to win fifty. You can follow her example in that.

Mrs. Booth always declared herself and took sides with right.  Whatever
was happening around her, people always knew which side she was on. She
spoke out for the right, the good, and the true, even when doing so
involved very disagreeable experiences and the bearing of much
unkindness.  She hated the spirit which can look on at what is wicked and
false or cruel, and say, 'Oh, that is not my affair!' You can follow her
example in this also.

Mrs. Booth laboured all her life to improve her gifts. She thought; she
prayed; she worked; she read--above all, she read her Bible.  It was her
companion as a child, as a young follower of Christ, and then as a Leader
in The Army. Those miserable words which some of us hear so often about
some bad or unfinished work--'Oh, that will do'--were seldom heard from
her lips.  She was always striving, striving, striving to do better, and
yet better, and again better still. All this also you can do.

Mrs. Booth was full of sympathy. No one who was in need or in sorrow, or
who was suffering, could meet her without finding out that,  she was in
sympathy with them.  Her heart was tender with the love of Christ, and so
she was deeply touched by the sin and sorrow around her just as He was.
Even the miseries of the dumb animals moved her to efforts on their
behalf. This sympathy made Mrs. Booth quick to see and appreciate the
toil and self-denial of others, and ever grateful for any kindness shown
to her or to The Army or to those in need of any kind. The very humblest
and youngest of those who read this little book can be like her in all
this.

Mrs. Booth endured to the end. She never turned back. She was faithful.
Her life and work would have been spoilt if she had given up the fight.
She was often sorely tempted. She was slandered and misrepresented by
enemies, betrayed by false friends, and often deeply wounded by those who
professed to love her, though they deserted the Flag. But she held fast.
You can be like her in that.  You may make many mistakes, suffer many
defeats, but you can still keep going on, and it is to those who go on to
the very end, whether in weakness or in strength, that Jesus will give
the crown of life.

Mrs. Booth trusted with all her heart in the love and sacrifice of her
Saviour. These were her hope and her strength. When at the height of her
influence and popularity she delighted in that wonderful song which we
still so often sing:--

  I love Thee because Thou hast first loved me,
  And purchased my pardon when nailed to the tree;

and when, amid much suffering, she lay dying, we often sang together
with her:--

  Victory for me!
  Through the Blood of Christ my Saviour;
  Victory for me!
  Through the precious Blood.

This was her victory. You can follow her in the faith that won it. Will
you?

BRAMWELL BOOTH.

_International Headquarters._




CONTENTS


PREFACE

   I. CHILDHOOD
  II. CONVERSION AND SOUL STRUGGLES
 III. A THREE-YEARS ENGAGEMENT
  IV. A LIFE OF SACRIFICE
   V. THE SPEAKER
  VI. THE MOTHER
 VII. THE WORKER
VIII. GOODNESS
  IX. LOVE
   X. THE WARRIOR
  XI. LAST DAYS
 XII. DATES IN MRS. BOOTH'S LIFE





CATHERINE BOOTH:
A SKETCH




I

CHILDHOOD


'Parents who love God best will not allow their children to learn
anything which could not be pressed into His service.'--MRS. BOOTH.


The Mother of The Salvation Army was born at Ashbourne, in Derbyshire, on
January 17, 1829, and God gave to her the very best gift He can give to
any child--a good and holy mother.

Katie Mumford, as she was then called, had no sister to play with, and of
her four brothers only one lived to be a man. But her dear mother more
than made up for every lack, and from her lips the little girl learned
those blessed lessons which, in her turn, she has taught to us.

One lesson which Mrs. Mumford early taught her daughter was that our
bodies will not live for ever. She took Katie to see the body of her
infant brother who had just died; and, though she was not more than two
years old at the time, Katie never forgot that first lesson. Spiritual
things were even then real to her, just because they were so real to her
mother. Heaven was home to her, and Jesus her best Friend, ever near to
help and guide her.

Truthfulness was a second of those early lessons which remained with our
Army Mother all her life. She was but four years old when Mrs. Mumford
found her one evening sobbing bitterly in her little cot long after she
should have been asleep. She had told a falsehood, and conscience would
not let her rest. When she had sobbed out her confession, her mother
talked and prayed with her, and at last left her, happy in the assurance
that she was forgiven by her Heavenly Father.

After this you will not be surprised to hear that another lesson early
taught to Katie by her mother was to love her Bible. She could read
nicely when she was but five years old, and she loved to stand by her
mother's side, and read the Bible stories aloud, with just a little help
over the very long words. And this love for God's Word grew deeper every
year, so that by the time she was twelve years old she had read it
through eight times. In later years people often wondered how it was that
Mrs. Booth knew her Bible so well, and could so quickly answer their
difficulties and objections in Bible words. Much of the secret lay in
this early training, and in the hours she spent in Bible study later on,
when she had reached the age of some of our younger Corps Cadets.

I wish we could have seen her in those days. She had very dark hair,
which curled naturally; black, flashing eyes, and such a warm heart, and
strong, impetuous nature that she could do nothing by halves. Whatever it
was, work or play, her whole soul had to be in it.

Since she was not at all strong, and had few girl friends, Katie did not
play rough or noisy games, but her love for her dolls made her quite a
little mother to them. She treated them almost like real children, and
would sew and toil, and never rest till she felt she had in every way
done her duty to them. She loved animals, too, especially dogs and
horses, and could not bear to see any one ill-treat them. Oh, how she
suffered one day, watching some poor sheep driven down the road! She
watched the man beat them--she could not stop him; and at last she tore
home, and flung herself down almost choking and speechless with
indignation and distress.

Her mother did not check Katie for feeling so keenly. She encouraged her;
for she knew that a hard, indifferent child, who can see suffering and
not care or be distressed over it, would make a hard woman; and she
wanted her Katie to be full of love and tenderness for all, and
especially for those needing help.

When Catherine was twelve years old she became very interested in the
drink question. She wrote letters about it, and sent them to different
newspapers, for there was no 'War Cry' nor 'Young Soldier' in those days;
and she also became the secretary of what was then called a Juvenile
Temperance Society, and did all she could to get boys and girls to
promise never to touch the drink.

Katie was also, like many of you, much interested in the heathen. She
would go round to all her friends collecting money to pay for preachers
to be sent to them; and in order to get more money she would deny herself
sugar and other small luxuries. No one told Katie to do this; but you see
our Army Mother herself taught us, by her example when only a child, to
keep our great Self-Denial Week.

Of course, most of Katie's time was taken up with her lessons, and, as
she loved to learn and study, they were no hardship to her. For two years
she went to a boarding-school, and here her companions soon found out how
straight and truthful she was. 'You'll never get _her_ to tell a
lie,' the girls said, 'nor even to exaggerate, so it's no use trying.'
Every one knew also that Katie felt for the backward girls and those who
were slow and dull. She wanted them to succeed, and would help them
between school hours. That was her joy, you see--to help and care for
others; whether at school or at home she was the same.

But you must not think that Catherine was perfect. Oh, no, indeed!
Sometimes her schoolmates would tease her because she was so quiet, and
liked to read better than to play; and at such times, instead of being
patient, she would flare up into a passion, and say harsh, angry words.
When the storm was over she would be, however, Oh! so sorry, and would
beg her schoolfellows to forgive her.

When Katie had been at school two years, God sent her a very great trial.
Instead of being able to go on learning and keeping up with the other
girls, she had to return home, and for three long years to lie nearly all
the time on her back, often suffering very much. She had a serious spinal
complaint, and her friends sometimes doubted whether she would ever walk
again.

You wonder what she did in those three years? I will tell you. When the
pain would permit it, she would knit and sew. She could not, of course,
hold heavy needlework; but little things, like babies' socks and hoods,
pin-cushions, and so forth, she would make most beautifully, and then
they would be sold to help on the work of God.

Besides her sewing, Katie read a great deal. First, as I have already
told you, she read her Bible, and learnt to know God's thoughts about the
world and sin, and His wishes for His people. For seven months at one
time Catherine had to lie on her face on a special sort of couch made on
purpose for her; but she invented a contrivance by which, even then, she
could read her Bible, though still remaining in the position that the
doctors wished. Then, too, she would read good books--explanations of the
Bible, about Holiness, soul-saving, lives of those who have lived and
worked for God, and so on. When she had read a chapter she would shut the
book, and write down as much as she could remember of it. This helped her
to think clearly and to remember what she read, and also to put her
thoughts into words.

But she never wasted her time reading stories and novels. Later on in her
life she said she was so thankful for this, for she thought that novels
and silly story books made people discontented with their own homes and
duties, and put wrong, hurtful ideas into their minds. Let us recollect
and follow our Army Mother's example here, and not waste time on stories
which are not true.

We, if we had known Katie Mumford in those three years of pain and
weariness, should have pitied her very much. We might have been tempted
to feel that God was hard in not letting her be strong like other girls;
but we now see that all the time He was fitting her for the wonderful
future before her; and when she became Mrs. Booth, the great preacher,
she herself understood this.

'Being so much alone in my youth,' she said, 'and so thrown on my own
thoughts and on those expressed in books, has been very helpful to me.
Had I been given to gossip, and had there been people for me to gossip
with, I should certainly never have accomplished what I did.'

So, you see, God was all the time giving her the very best training He
could, and teaching her, as she lay there alone on her bed, what she
never could have learned in the ordinary way. And He will train you, too,
in the very best way for your future, if you will but determine to trust
and serve Him as did Catherine Mumford.




II

CONVERSION AND SOUL STRUGGLES



'No soul was ever yet saved who was too idle to seek.'--MRS. BOOTH.

Perhaps you, the Corps Cadet, for whom I am especially writing this
little book, have been tempted to break your vows by becoming engaged to
some one who does not want to be an Officer. And you think, perhaps, that
no one understands your feelings.

You will be surprised, then, to know that our Army Mother had just such a
battle to fight when she was a girl.

She had a cousin, a little older than herself, who was tall and very
clever. He came with his parents to stay in her home, and Katie had not
seen him since they were young children. He quickly grew very fond of his
cousin, and Catherine found how nice it was to have some one to give her
presents and to love her as he did. At last he begged her to promise that
by and by she would be engaged to him. Now Katie was very perplexed. On
the one hand she loved her cousin, and did not want to grieve him, and
yet in her heart she knew he was not truly given up to God, and would not
help her in her soul.

'Go to the Meeting with you, Katie?' he used to say. 'Of course, I'll go
anywhere to please you.' But then, while she was trying to get a
blessing, he would be scratching little pictures on the back of the seat
to make her laugh. Perhaps you can guess the struggle it was for Katie to
decide what her answer should be. 'If you will only say "yes," and be
engaged to him, I am sure you will be able to help him, and very likely
get him properly saved,' the Devil would whisper. 'Break it off now,
Katie; do not go another step; you know God cannot smile on it.' That was
how her conscience spoke.

At last, one day as she was truly praying and seeking for light, she read
the verse in 2 Corinthians vi. 14: 'Be ye not unequally yoked together
with unbelievers.' It came to her as the voice of God.

'I will do it, Lord,' she said, after a long struggle; and she sat down,
and wrote her cousin a letter, telling him just why she could never be
engaged to him, and breaking it all off for ever. Then she turned back to
her home duties, and did not re-open the question.

And did our Army Mother in after years regret that she had acted like
this? No, indeed; she has told us that she saw plainly later on that, if
just then she had chosen to follow her own feelings and wishes, instead
of obeying God's command, all her life would have been altered, and she
would never have done the glorious work He had planned for her. It was a
hard battle at the time, and cost her many tears; but it was worth it,
ten thousand times over, as we can all see to-day.

Very soon after this victory Catherine became really converted.

'What!' you say. 'Was she not converted before this?'

No. All her life she had, like many children trained to-day in
Salvationist homes, felt God's Holy Spirit striving with her. Sometimes,
when quite a little girl, her mother would find her crying because she
felt how she had sinned against God.

But when she was about fifteen she longed to know that she was really
saved.

'Don't be silly,' said the Devil in her heart. 'You have been as good as
saved all your life. You have always wanted to do right. How can you
expect such a sudden change as if you were a great big drunkard? It's
absurd.'

'But my _heart_ is as bad as the heart of a big sinner,' cried poor
Katie in an agony of fear. 'I have been as bad inside, if not in my
outward actions and words.'

And then she took hold of God in faith. 'Lord, I must be converted. I
cannot rest till Thou hast changed my whole nature; do for me what Thou
dost do, for the thieves and drunkards.'

But for six weeks it seemed as if God did not hear her cry. She grew more
and more unhappy. All her past sins rose before her: those bursts of
temper when she was at school, those wrong thoughts and feelings. Yes,
the Bible was true when it said: 'The heart is deceitful above all things
and desperately wicked.'

Katie argued, too, like this: 'I cannot recollect any time or place where
I claimed Salvation and the forgiveness of my sins; if God _has_
saved me, He would surely have made me certain of it. Anyway, I must and
will know it. I must have the assurance that I am God's child.'

Unable to rest, she would pace her room till two o'clock in the morning,
and would lie down at last, with her Bible and hymn-book under her
pillow, praying that God would Himself tell her that her sins were
forgiven. At last, one morning, as she woke, she opened her hymn-book,
and read these words:--

              My God, I am Thine,
              What a comfort divine,
    What a blessing to know that my Jesus is mine.

Now she had read and sung these lines scores of times before, but they
came this morning with a new power to her soul.

'I am Thine!' 'My Jesus is mine!' she exclaimed. 'Lord, it is true!--I do
believe it! My sins are forgiven. I belong to Thee!' and her whole soul
was filled with light and joy. She now possessed what she had been
seeking all these weeks--the assurance of Salvation! And then what do you
think she did? She threw on a wrapper, and, without waiting to dress,
hurried across to her mother's room, and tapped at the door.

'Come in,' said her mother's voice; and Katie, her face shining with joy,
burst into the room. 'Mamma, mamma, I am a child of God! My sins are
forgiven--Jesus is my Saviour!' she cried, flinging herself into her
mother's arms. And this was the same Katie, who had been so shy and
backward that she had never before dared to speak about her spiritual
anxieties, even to her mother! Ah! what a change real conversion, or
change of heart, had made.

For the next six months Katie was so happy that she felt as if she were
walking on air. 'I used to tremble,' she tells us, 'and even long to die,
lest I should back-slide or lose the sense of God's favour.'

But as time went on she learned, as we all have to do, to walk by faith,
not by sight, and to serve and follow the Saviour whether she had happy
feelings or not.

But you must not suppose, because Katie had the assurance of Salvation,
that therefore she had no more fighting. No--indeed, her fighting days
had only just begun.

One of her great difficulties, which many Corps Cadets will understand,
was that she felt so nervous about doing anything in public. No one, of
course, asked her to speak--such a thing was never dreamed of; but the
lady who took the Bible Class which she attended regularly would now and
then ask her to pray. 'Miss Mumford will pray,' the lady would say, when
they were all kneeling together.

But Katie was too shy to begin, and sometimes they would wait for several
minutes before she had courage to say a few words. 'Don't ask me to pray
again,' she said one day to her leader; 'the excitement and agitation
make me quite ill.'

'I can't help that,' was the very wise answer; 'you must break through
your timidity; for otherwise you will be of no use to God.'

And did Katie persevere? Yes, indeed, she did. Here is an entry made some
time later in the diary that she kept, which shows you how very much her
experience was like yours:--

'I have not been blessed so much for weeks as I was to-night. I prayed
aloud.  The cross was great, but so was the reward.

My heart beat violently, but I felt some liberty.'

Though Catherine's spine difficulty was better, she was still very
delicate, and at the age of eighteen every one felt sure she was going
into a decline. But, sick or well, her soul grew stronger, and her desire
to please and serve God better increased every day.

'I do love Thee,' she wrote in the same little diary, 'but I want to love
Thee more.'

It was not till many years later that Catherine received the blessing of
a clean heart; but even now she had begun to desire and long for it. She
also writes at this time: 'I see that this Full Salvation is very
necessary if I am to glorify God below, and find my way to Heaven. I want
a _clean_ heart. Lord, take me and seal me.'

Some people, even after they are converted, are too proud to own
themselves wrong, or to confess when they have sinned.  Catherine was not
of that sort. In one of her letters to her mother she ends with these
words:--

'Pray for me, dear mother, and believe me, with all my faults and
besetments, your loving child.'

Her hunger after a holy life was real and practical. She knew she must
learn to live by method--that is, doing right, whether she liked it or
not--and not by feelings, if she was to be of use in the world.

So at the end of the year she wrote some new resolutions; and as they may
be of help to you, I will copy them for you just as she put them down:--

'I have been writing a few daily rules for the coming year, which I hope
will prove a blessing to me, by the grace of God. I have got a paper of
printed rules also, which I intend to read once a week. May the Lord help
me to keep to them! But, above all, I am determined to search the
Scriptures more attentively, for in them I have eternal life. I have read
my Bible through twice during the past sixteen months, but I must read it
with more prayer for light and understanding. Oh, may it be my meat and
drink! May I meditate on it day and night! And then I shall bring forth
fruit in season; my leaf also shall not wither, and whatsoever I do shall
prosper.'

She had also her own private ways of denying herself, not for the sake of
earning money or praise by it, but simply because she felt it was right.
One of these rules was to do without dinner, and butter at breakfast,
once in the week, because she felt it helped her in her soul.

I cannot end this chapter without telling you of the one great sorrow
which darkened all her early years. Some of you, I know, will enter into
her feelings so well.

Her father, at one time saved and earnest about the souls of others, had
grown cold and backslidden, and now never even went near a Meeting. You
can fancy what agony this was to both Mrs. Mumford and her daughter. They
prayed and wept in vain--he only seemed to get more indifferent.
Catherine would sometimes write her feelings and her sorrow in her diary,
and there we read:--

'I sometimes get into an agony of feeling while praying for my dear
father. Oh, my Lord, answer prayer, and bring him back to Thyself! Never
let that tongue which once delighted in praising Thee, and in showing
others Thy willingness to save, be engaged in uttering the lamentations
of the lost! Oh, awful thought! Lord, have mercy! Save, Oh! save him in
any way Thou seest best, though it be ever so painful. If by removing me
Thou canst do this, cut short Thy work, and take me Home. Let me be bold
to speak in Thy name. Oh, give me true courage and liberty, and when I
write to him, bless what I say to the good of his soul!'

For many years this prayer of Catherine's was not answered; but she held
on, as you must do for those you love, in faith and prayer; and at last
she had the unspeakable joy of seeing her dear father come back to God
through one of her own Meetings which he had attended. His last years
were full of peace, and were spent in serving God and rejoicing in His
Salvation.




III

A THREE-YEARS ENGAGEMENT



'What a need there is for effort and energy; or real religion and common
sense!'--MRS. BOOTH.

One Sunday, when Catherine and her mother went to the Meeting as usual,
they found a 'Special' there, taking the services. He was quite different
from the other Specials, and Catherine could not help noticing him with
extra interest. He spoke to the people's hearts, and was not so much
occupied in preaching a good sermon as in getting some one converted. But
he did preach a very good sermon for all that, and chose this verse as
his text--'This is indeed the Christ, the Saviour of the world.'

A few days later Catherine and her mother were spending the evening with
a friend, when the very same preacher came in, and was introduced to them
as the Rev. William Booth.

Catherine knew they had one subject in common--love for souls; but before
the evening ended she discovered that the young minister was quite as
earnest as she was herself in fighting the Drink curse and all that was
connected with it.

A few Sundays later Mr. Booth preached again in the same building, this
time as the minister, or, as we should say, 'Officer in charge,' and no
longer as a Special. And now you will guess that the two often met, and
that, because they had so many interests in common, they soon learned to
know each other well, till respect grew into friendship, and friendship
into love.

Catherine was at this time twenty-two years old, and Mr. Booth was three
months younger; but, though you would have said they were old enough to
know their own minds, they did nothing hastily, and would enter into no
engagement till they were quite sure of God's Will in the matter.

Had Catherine ever before thought of the day when she would get married?
you, perhaps, ask. Oh, yes, indeed, and when but a girl of
sixteen--directly, in fact, after she was saved--she settled in her own
heart what sort of a man her future husband must be. First, she decided,
he must be truly converted, and a total abstainer, not to please her,
but from his own choice. Then he must be a man of sense, or she could
never respect him; and, if they were to be happy, they must feel and
think alike on all important matters.

Ah, if our women-Soldiers and Cadets to-day would but follow our Army
Mother's example, there would be fewer unhappy marriages and wrecked
lives!

But in her secret heart Catherine had also, girl-like, some ideas about
the sort of man she would like to marry, if she might choose. He should
be a minister--that was the nearest she could get to an Officer in those
days; William was a name she particularly liked, and--if only he might be
tall and dark! If you had been there when Katie Mumford first listened to
his preaching you would have seen that he was 'tall and dark' indeed.

But though William Booth loved Catherine with a deep and holy love, which
increased each time they met, yet he was very poor, and he wondered if he
ought, under the circumstances, to ask her to share his lot. He wrote a
letter to her, telling her how perplexed and troubled he was, and her
answer shows us that, right from the very earliest days, before they were
even engaged, her one desire was that his soul should prosper.

'My dear friend,' she begins ... 'The thought that I should cause you any
suffering or increase your perplexity is almost unbearable. I am tempted
to wish that we had never seen each other. Do try to forget me, as far as
the remembrance would injure your usefulness or spoil your peace. If I
have no alternative but to oppose the Will of God, or trample on the
desolations of my own heart, _my choice is made_. "Thy will be done"
is my constant cry. I care not for myself; but Oh, if I cause you to err,
I shall never be happy again.'

It was not the fear of poverty that frightened her, for a few days later
she says:--

'I fear you did not fully understand my difficulty. It was not
circumstances. I thought I had assured you that a bright prospect would
not allure me, nor a dark one affright me, if only we are _one in
heart_.

My only reason for wishing to defer the engagement was that _you_
might feel satisfied in your mind that the step is right.... If you are
convinced on this point, let circumstances go, and let us be one, come
what may.'

This is exactly what they did, and after meeting, and together
consecrating their lives to God, they solemnly pledged themselves to each
other.

And now began a three-years' engagement, in which, though often for long
months at a time they never met, they remained true to each other and to
God, in thought and word and deed.

Many of the beautiful letters that our Army Mother wrote to The General
at this time, I am glad to tell you, have been kept, and we will look
together at some of the ways in which she tried to help and cheer him.

In the first letter after their engagement she ends with these words:--

'The more you lead me up to Christ in all things, the more highly shall I
esteem you; and if it be possible to love you more than I do now, the
more shall I love you. You are always present in my thoughts.'

Now you must not think that, even in these early days, our General had a
very easy life. He was often much perplexed and troubled, longing above
all to do God's Will for the Salvation of the people, and yet not quite
sure what that Will was. At these times Catherine was of untold help to
him.

Once he was very unsettled--not certain whether he should remain away in
the North of England, or accept a place in London, where the two could
often meet. Most girls would have said, 'Oh, come, then we shall be near
to each other'; but you will see that her advice to him is just as
suitable for you when you are not certain of your duty--that she does not
consider her own feelings at all.

'I wish,' she writes, 'you prayed more and talked less about the matter.
Try it, and be determined to get clear and settled views as to your
course. Leave your heart before God, and get satisfied in His sight, and
then do it, be it what it may. I cannot bear the idea of your being
unhappy. Pray do in this as you feel in your soul it will be right. My
conscience is no standard for yours.'

Then she adds, lower down:--

'Oh, if you come to London, let us be determined to reap a blessed
harvest. Let our fellowship be sanctified to our souls' everlasting good.
My mind is made up to do my part towards it. I hope to be firm as a rock
on some points. The Lord help me. We must aim to improve each other's
mind and character. Let us pray for grace to do it in the best way and to
the fullest extent possible.'

'Anyway,' she says, a day or two later--and ever remember her words when
outside things try and distress you--'don't let the controversy hurt your
soul. Live near to God by prayer.... You believe He answers prayer. Then
take courage. Just fall down at His feet, and open your very soul before
Him, and throw yourself right into His arms. Tell Him that if you are
wrong you only wait to be set right, and, be the path rough or smooth,
you will walk in it.

'Oh, you must live close to God! If you are a greater distance from Him
than you were, just stop the whirl of outward things, or rather leave it,
and shut yourself up with Him till all is clear and bright upwards. Do,
there's a dear. Oh, how much we lose by not coming to the point. Now, at
once, realize your union with Christ, and trust Him to lead you through
this perplexity. Bless you. Excuse this advice. I am anxious for your
soul. Look up. If God hears my prayers, He must guide you--He will guide
you.'

In these early days our General was tempted, as some of us are tempted
to-day, to feel nervous and shy when talking before large crowds, and
where the people were better dressed and better off than usual. He wrote
his feelings to Catherine, and she sends him back her wise advice and
help. 'I am sorry for this,' she says, 'and am persuaded it is the fear
of man which shackles you. Do not give place to this feeling. Remember
you are _the_ Lord's servant, and if you are a faithful one it will
be a small matter with you to be judged of man's judgment. Let nothing be
wanting beforehand to make what you say helpful, but when you are before
the people try to think only of your own responsibility to Him who hath
sent you.'

Again, later, she writes:--

'Try and cast off the fear of man. Fix your eyes simply on the glory of
God, and care not for frown or praise of man. Rest not till your soul is
fully alive to God.' How truly she herself carried this out in her own
Meetings you will hear later on.

Miss Mumford was very anxious that The General should improve himself
with plenty of hard work. She saw what he might become, and she also knew
that unless he did _his_ part all those wonderful powers which God
had lent to him would be thrown away.

'Do assure me,' she writes, 'my own dear William, that no want of energy
or effort on your part shall hinder the improvement of those talents God
has given you.'

So that, with his constant travelling and preaching, he might get time to
read and think and learn, she suggested a little plan to him in his
billets.

'Could you not,' she says, 'provide yourself with a small leather bag or
case, large enough to hold your Bible and any other book you might
require--pens, ink, paper and a candle? And, presuming that you generally
have a room to yourself, could you not rise by six o'clock every morning,
and convert your bedroom into a study till breakfast time?... I hope, my
dearest love, you will consider this plan, and keep to it, if possible,
as a general practice. Don't let little difficulties prevent your
carrying it out.'

You must remember that at this time neither Catherine nor Mr. Booth ever
dreamed of the wonderful work they were to be called to do. He was then
preaching and getting souls saved, mostly in country places, and had many
a 'hard go,' but _that_ was no reason why he should not improve.

Did The General like this advice and counsel? Or did he feel, as some men
do to-day, that women cannot judge nor understand such things?

Ah! he was wise, and only too glad to have all the help that Catherine
could give him. In fact, he often wrote begging her to help him more. The
outlines for addresses which she sent him weekly he valued and used, as
this letter shows:--

'I have,' he writes, 'just taken hold of that sketch you sent me on "Be
not deceived," and am about to make a full sermon on it. I like it much.
It is admirable.

'I want a sermon on the Flood, one on Jonah, and one on the Judgment.
Send me some bare thoughts, some clear, startling outlines. We must have
that kind of truth which will move sinners.'

But if Catherine Mumford was anxious about the mind and work of her
future husband, much more was she anxious about his soul. To her, there
could be no true love without faithfulness, and where she felt it
necessary, she cautioned him in the truest and tenderest way:--

'You have special need,' she writes, 'for watchfulness and for much
private intercourse with God.

'My dearest love, beware how you indulge that dangerous element of
character, ambition. Misdirected, it will be everlasting ruin to
yourself, and perhaps to me also. Oh, my love, let nothing earthly excite
it; let not the wish to be great fire it. Fix it on the Throne of the
Eternal, and let it find the realization of its loftiest aspirations in
the promotion of His glory, and it shall be consummated with the richest
enjoyments and brightest glories of God's own Heaven.'

You wonder, perhaps, if Catherine ever wrote 'love letters,' as we call
them. She never wrote the foolish and sentimental letters which say a
great deal, and mean very little; but she was able to put her great love
into words strong, intense, and full of tenderness.

'Do I remember?' she asks in one letter. 'Yes, I remember all--all that
has bound us together. All the bright and happy, as well as the clouded
and sorrowful times of our fellowship. Nothing relating to you can time
or place erase from my memory. Your words, your looks, your actions, even
the most trivial and incidental, come up before me as fresh as life. If I
meet a child called William, I am more interested in him than in any
other. Bless you. Keep your spirits up, and hope much for the future. God
lives and loves us, and we shall be one in Him, loving each other as
Christ loved us.'

William Booth and Catherine Mumford were married in London, on June 15,
1855; and here are a few lines from the last letter she wrote to him
before the engagement was ended, and the long thirty-five years of happy
married life began:--

'I long to see you. Your letters do not satisfy the yearnings of my
heart. Perhaps they ought to. I wish it were differently constituted. I
might be much happier. But it _will_ be extravagant and enthusiastic
in spite of all my schooling. If I ever get to Heaven, what rapture shall
I know! No, there is no fear of our loving each other too much. How can
we love each other more than Christ has loved us? And this is the
standard He has given us. What a precious thing is the religion of Jesus!
It makes our first duties our highest happiness. It has the promise of
the life that now is, as well as of that which is to come. We will spend
all our energies in trying to persuade men to receive and practise it.'

How wonderfully she carried this intention into practice, and, together
with The General, lived every moment 'publishing the Sinner's Friend,'
you shall read later on.




IV

A LIFE OF SACRIFICE



'Since I came to the crucifixion of myself, I have not cared much what
men might say of me.'--MRS. BOOTH.

At the time when our Army Mother married The General's work was, as we
have seen, that of an 'Evangelist' or 'Travelling Minister.' He would
stay in a town for some weeks or months, as the case might be, preaching
and holding Meetings, and getting people saved, both in the town itself
and the places round.

It was a blessed and useful life, but very wearying; and we can fancy how
trying it must have been for Mrs. Booth after her marriage not to have
any home of her own, but to billet first in one stranger's house, and
then in another's.

But she did not complain, though we see what it cost her by a letter she
writes to her mother, telling the good news that they are to live in
lodgings while at Sheffield:--

'You cannot think,' she writes, 'with what joy I look forward to being to
ourselves once more. For though I get literally oppressed with kindness,
I must say I would prefer a home where we could sit down together at our
own little table, myself the mistress, and my husband the only guest. But
the work of God so abundantly prospers that I dare not repine, or else I
feel this constant packing and unpacking and staying amongst strangers to
be a great burden, especially while so weak and poorly. But then I have
many mercies and advantages. My precious William is all I desire, and
without this what would the most splendid home be but a glittering
bauble?'

For several years Mrs. Booth travelled in this way from place to place,
helping, cheering, and encouraging her husband in his soul-saving
campaigns. She felt her duty lay here, and even when she had a little son
to care for, she was unwilling to settle down. Writing to her mother, who
urged her to leave off this trying life; or, at any rate, to hand the
baby over to her, she says:--

'My objection to leaving William gets stronger as I see the need he has
of my presence, care, and sympathy; neither is he willing for it himself.
Nor can I make up my mind to parting with Willie.'

Mrs. Booth's object was to be a help to her husband--not a hindrance; to
push him forward in his soul-saving work--not to hold him back; and
therefore, instead of rejoicing, as most wives and mothers would have
done, when a settled home and work were offered him, she was doubtful.

'Personally considered,' she writes to her mother, 'I care nothing about
it. I feel that a good rest in one place will be a boon to us. Anyhow, if
God wills him to be an Evangelist, He will open the way. I find that I
love the work itself far more than I thought I did, and I am willing to
risk something for it.'

After this came several years of great conflict and struggle. The
Conference (or, as we would say, Headquarters) under whom The General
worked did not wish him to continue the great Salvation Campaigns for
which God had so marvellously fitted him. They wanted him to 'settle
down,' and spend perhaps several years in one place like ordinary
ministers.

To please those who were over him he did this, and spent four years in
one town. But though God blessed his efforts, The General was convinced
that he was called to greater things. He loved the sinners; wherever he
went crowds flocked to hear him, and the vilest were converted. Was it
God's will, therefore, that he should sacrifice the work his soul loved,
and 'settle down' into an ordinary life, helping and reaching only the
people of one small city?

This question our Army Mother helped him to decide. Try to picture her
position. She had by this time a family of little children, and her
health was very delicate. By counselling The General to 'settle down,' as
his friends wished him to do, she would have a nice home, a comfortable
income, and, above all, the constant presence of her husband, who would
no longer need to leave her on his long soul-saving tours.

By refusing the position offered, and choosing instead to take up the
'evangelistic life' again, The General turned his back on salary, home,
and work, and went out into the world, with his wife and four children,
friendless and alone. Do you wonder that the struggle was a severe one?

'Pray for me,' she wrote to her mother, when the question was about to be
settled. 'I have many a conflict in regard to the proposed new departure;
not as to our support--I feel as though I can trust the Lord implicitly
for all that; but the Devil tells me I shall never be able to endure the
loneliness and separation of the life. He draws many a picture of most
dark and melancholy shade. But I cling to the promise, "No man hath
forsaken," etc., and, having sworn to my own hurt, may I stand fast. I
have told William that if he takes the step, and it should bring me to
the workhouse, I would never say one upbraiding word. No. To blame him
for making such a sacrifice for God and conscience' sake would be worse
than wicked. So, whatever be the result, I shall make up my mind to
endure it patiently, looking to the Lord for grace and strength.'

But if it was difficult for Mrs. Booth, the path was equally dark and
hard for The General.

'William hesitates,' she writes a few weeks later. 'He thinks of me and
the children, and I appreciate his love and care. But I tell him that God
will provide, if he will only go straight on in the path of duty. It is
strange that I, who always used to shrink from the sacrifice, should be
the first in making it. But when I made the surrender I did it
whole-heartedly, and ever since I have been like another being. Oh, pray
for us yet more and more! We have no money coming in from any quarter now.
Nor has William any invitations at present. The time is unfavourable. I am
much tempted to feel it hard that God has not cleared our path more
satisfactorily. But I will not "charge God foolishly." I know that His
way is often in the whirlwind, and He rides upon the storm: I will try to
possess my soul in patience, and to wait on Him.'

Sometimes you have heard your Officers talking in a Meeting, and telling
the people that, if they will but step out in faith, and do right, God
will open up the way for them. The example of our General and Army Mother
has taught us this lesson, for few ever took a step of faith into greater
darkness and difficulty than they did at this time.

'My dearest,' writes Mrs. Booth to her mother, 'is starting for London.
Pray for him. He is much harassed. But I have promised to keep a brave
heart. At times it appears to me that God may have something very
glorious in store for us, and when He has tried us He will bring us forth
as gold. It will not be the first time I have taken a leap in the dark,
humanly speaking, for conscience' sake.'

It was, indeed, a 'leap in the dark': to break up their little home in
the North, and, travelling by boat, to save expense, to bring their four
children to Mrs. Mumford's house in London. There they separated: the
father and mother went to Cornwall, to hold a Salvation campaign in a
little chapel that had been lent to them, and the children remained
behind.

Of the marvellous way in which God blessed the Cornish work, I cannot
stop to tell you. Mrs. Booth's name as a preacher was by this time
becoming as widely known as that of her husband; and they went from one
place to another, at first together, and then, afterwards, separately, so
as to be able to do more good, for four long years.

Whenever possible, our Army Mother took her children with her: she never
left them to others when she could help it, and later on I shall tell you
what a devoted and tender mother she was; but the strain of those four
long years no one will ever know. I want you to see the dark as well as
the bright side of her wonderful life; and here is part of a letter to
her mother, written at that time:--

'I feel dreadfully unsettled at present. I don't like this mode of living
at all. William has now been away from home, except on Friday and
Saturday, for twelve weeks. I long to get fixed together again once more.
The going backwards and forwards and being in other people's houses does
not suit William. Nor do I like leaving home for the Sabbaths. I am much
tempted to look gloomily towards the future. But "my heart is fixed." "I
will trust, and not be afraid."'

Then again, a little later on:--

'Pray for me. I sometimes feel as though I had taken a path which is too
hard for me, and duties too heavy for me to perform; but it is my
privilege to say, and to feel, "I can do all things through Christ which
strengtheneth me."'

Once again she says:--

'Well, the Lord help us to be faithful to our convictions, even in the
dark and cloudy day! I have felt it hard work to do so lately. Many a
time have I longed to be where the weary are at rest.

'Well, we must labour and wait a little longer; it may be that the clouds
will break, and surround us with sunshine. Anyway, God lives above the
clouds, and He will direct our path.'

The General and Mrs. Booth were holding Salvation services in London when
our Army Mother was called to make a fresh sacrifice, never dreaming of
the wonderful results that would spring from it. You shall read about it
in her own words, spoken many years afterwards:--

'I remember well,' she says, 'when The General decided at last to give up
the evangelistic life and to devote himself to the Salvation of the
East-Enders. He had come home from a Meeting one night, tired out, as
usual. It was between eleven and twelve o'clock. Flinging himself into
an easy chair, he said to me, "O Kate, as I passed by the doors of the
flaming gin-palaces to-night I seemed to hear a voice sounding in my ears,
'Where can you go and find such heathen as these, and where is there so
great a need for your labours?' And I felt as though I ought at every
cost to stop and preach to these East-End crowds."

'I remember the emotion that this produced in my soul. I sat gazing into
the fire, and the Devil whispered to me, "This means another new
departure--another start in life."

'The question of our support I saw at once to be a serious difficulty.
Hitherto we had been able to meet our expenses by the collections which
we had made from our respectable audiences. But it was impossible to
suppose that we could do so among the poverty-stricken East-Enders. We
did not then see things as we do to-day. We were afraid even to ask for a
collection among the East London crowds.

'Nevertheless, I did not answer discouragingly. After a moment's pause
for thought and prayer, I answered, "Well, if you feel you ought to stay,
stay. We have trusted the Lord once for our support, and we can trust Him
again."'

Mrs. Booth, when she answered like this, had no idea of all that was to
follow. She never dreamt that, from The General's standing alone in
Whitechapel, a mighty wave of Salvation would sweep over the earth, nor
that God was about to raise up an Army of which she and The General were
to be the leaders.

But, as always before, she willingly agreed to whatever would be for
God's glory and the Salvation of souls; and we all know to-day how, from
that little Whitechapel beginning, grew the Christian Mission, and how,
at last, the Christian Mission became The Salvation Army.

Do not think, however, that our dear Army Mother's consecration stopped
here! No, indeed. One by one, as they became old enough, she gave up her
children to the Work, and we shall never know all we owe as an Army to
her beautiful spirit of devotion and sacrifice.

Let us stand together by her open grave in the autumn twilight. Her
twenty-six years of fight and toil in The Salvation Army are over now,
her spirit has been summoned Home. Listen. The Army Founder himself is
the speaker. He is recalling the forty years which he and our dear Army
Mother had trod together, and his words sum up better than any other
words could do what she was to our Leader:--

'If you had had a tree,' he said, speaking to the vast crowd that stood
round the grave, 'that had grown up in your garden, under your window,
which for forty years had been your shadow from the burning sun, whose
flowers had been the adornment and beauty of your life, whose fruit had
been almost the stay of your existence, and the gardener had come along
and swung his glittering axe and cut it down before your eyes, I think
you would feel as though you had a blank--it might not be a big one--but
a little blank in your life.

'If you had had a servant who for all this long time had served you
without fee or reward, who had administered, for very love, to your
health and comfort, and who suddenly passed away, you would miss that
servant.

'If you had had a counsellor who, in hours--continually occurring--of
perplexity and amazement, had ever advised you, and seldom advised wrong;
whose advice you had followed, and seldom had reason to regret it; and
the counsellor, while you were in the same intricate mazes of your
existence, had passed away, you would miss that counsellor.

'If you had had a friend who had understood your very nature, the rise
and fall of your feelings, the bent of your thoughts, and the purpose of
your existence; a friend whose communion had ever been pleasant--the
most pleasant of all other friends--to whom you had ever turned with
satisfaction, and your friend had been taken away, you would feel some
sorrow at the loss.

'If you had had a mother for your children who had cradled and nursed and
trained them for the service of the living God, in which you most
delighted--a mother, indeed, who had never ceased to bear their sorrows
on her heart, and who had been ever willing to pour forth that heart's
blood in order to nourish them, and that darling mother had been taken
from your side, you would feel it a sorrow.

'If you had had a wife, a sweet love of a wife, who for forty years had
never given you real cause for grief; a wife who had stood with you, side
by side, in the battle's front, who had been a comrade to you, ever
willing to interpose herself between you and the enemy, and ever the
strongest when the battle was fiercest, and your beloved one had fallen
before your eyes, I am sure there would be some excuse for your sorrow.

'Well, my comrades, you can roll all these qualities into one
personality, and what would be lost in all I have lost in one. There has
been taken away from me the light of my eyes, the inspiration of my soul,
and we are about to lay all that remains of her in the grave. I have been
looking right at the bottom of it here, and calculating how soon they may
bring and lay me alongside of her, and my cry to God has been that every
remaining hour of my life may make me readier to come and join her in
death, to go and embrace her in life in the Eternal City.'




V

THE SPEAKER



'I will never speak to sinners so that one man or woman in my audience
can stand up and say, "You might have warned me more faithfully, spoken
more plainly than you did." I would rather die than that should be the
case.'--MRS. BOOTH.

No one must think that Mrs. Booth became a great speaker all in a moment,
or by any 'royal road.' She started when about eighteen, as many a Corps
Cadet has since done, by just taking a class or Company on Sundays, never
dreaming of doing more. An elder girls' Company was given to her; and she
had fifteen girls to teach, whose ages varied from twelve to nineteen.

Two half-days she spent every week in preparing for her Company, and in
trying to make each lesson end in a practical way, so as to do them real
good.

Then on Sunday, when the rest of the children had been dismissed, Miss
Mumford would beg to be given the key of the room and would remain
behind, holding a little Prayer Meeting with her girls. Sometimes they
would stay on for an hour and a half, and many by this means became truly
converted.

Often with so much praying and singing Catherine quite lost her voice
before the end of the Meeting; but, so long as souls were saved, she did
not mind that.

Soon after her marriage Mrs. Booth took another class of this same kind,
and also a little sort of Sergeants' Meeting, and then--for you see our
Army Mother was led on, just as you or I may be, step by step--she gave
a short talk to the Band of Hope children (something like our Band of
Love of today) on the evils of drink.

'Oh, how I wish,' she wrote to her father, 'that I had started speaking
years ago!'

A little later on Mr. and Mrs. Booth moved to Gateshead, and there the
people were very much surprised to hear their minister's wife pray aloud
when her husband had done speaking; for in those days very few women
thought of praying, much less of speaking, in public.

'Since you can pray so beautifully, will you come and talk to us on our
special Prayer-Meeting night?' some of the people asked. But Mrs. Booth
was horrified.

'Of course, I said "No,"' she wrote. 'I don't know what they can be
thinking of.'

Just at this time an argument began in one of the newspapers as to
whether women had the right to speak for God or not. Mrs. Booth wrote an
answer to this question you can read it for yourself in her book,
'Practical Religion'--and she showed from God's Word, that women have the
same right to help to get people saved that the men have. The little
pamphlet was already printed and being widely read, and our Army Mother
lay alone in her room very ill, when the thought flashed into her soul,
'You have been helping other women to preach and to speak for God. What
about yourself?'

'Oh, no, Lord, not me; I can't. I am, as Thou knowest, the most timid and
bashful disciple ever saved by grace.' That was her answer.

Then the Lord took her back to the days when she first gave herself to
Him, at the age of fifteen. He showed her that all the way along this one
thing had hindered and stopped her from 'being the blessing or from
getting the blessing He intended.'

'Lord,' she cried, 'if Thou wilt come back to me as in the old days, I
will obey, though I die in the attempt.'

But at the moment God seemed not to answer her cry, and when she was well
again all went on as before.

Three months later Mrs. Booth was quietly sitting one Sunday morning in
chapel with her eldest boy, when a very wonderful thing happened. You
shall read about it in her own words:--

'I felt much depressed in mind,' she says, 'and was not expecting
anything particular, but as the testimonies proceeded I felt the Holy
Spirit come upon me. It seemed as if a voice said to me: "Now, if you
were to go and testify, you know I would bless it to your own soul as
well as to the people!" I gasped again, and said in my heart: "Yes, Lord,
I believe Thou wouldst, but I cannot do it!" I had forgotten my vow.

'A moment afterwards there flashed across my mind the memory of the time
when I had promised the Lord that I would obey Him at all costs. And then
the voice seemed to ask me if this was consistent with that promise. I
almost jumped up and said, "No, Lord, it is the old thing over again. But
I cannot do it!" I felt as though I would sooner die than speak. And then
the Devil said, "Besides, you are not prepared. You will look like a
fool, and will have nothing to say." He made a mistake. He overreached
himself for once. It was this word that settled it. "Ah!" I said, "this
is just the point. I have never yet been willing to be a fool for Christ.
Now I will be one!"

'Without stopping another moment, I rose up from my seat and walked down
the aisle. My dear husband thought something had happened to me, and so
did the people. We had been there two years, and they knew my timid,
bashful nature. He stepped down, and asked me, "What is the matter, my
dear?" I replied, "I want to say a word!" He was so taken by surprise
that he could only say, "My dear wife wishes to speak!" and sat down. For
years he had been trying to persuade me to do it. Only that very week he
had wanted me to go and address a little Cottage Meeting of some twenty
working people, but I had refused.

'I stood--God only knows how--and if any mortal ever did hang on the arm
of Omnipotence, I did. I just stood and told the people how it had come
about. I confessed, as I think everybody should who has been in the wrong
and has misrepresented the religion of Jesus Christ. I said, "I dare say
many of you have been looking upon me as a very devoted woman, and one
who has been living faithfully to God. But I have come to realize that I
have been disobeying Him, and thus brought darkness and leanness into my
soul. I have promised the Lord to do so no longer, and have come to tell
you that henceforth I will be obedient to the holy vision."

'There was more weeping, they said, in the chapel that day than on any
previous occasion. Many dated a renewal in righteousness from that very
moment, and began a life of devotion and consecration to God.

'Now I might have "talked good" to them till now. That honest confession
did what twenty years of preaching could not have accomplished.'

After this wonderful victory Mrs. Booth never again drew back. The same
night she spoke once more, with even greater power than in the morning,
and before long invitations came pouring in from all parts, for wherever
she went souls were saved and people sanctified.

But it cost her a great deal to preach like this. She writes of one
Meeting held soon after:--

'I got on very well, and had three beautiful cases, but I cannot tell you
how I felt all day about it. I could neither eat nor sleep. I never was
in such a state, and when I saw the people, I felt like melting away.
However, I got through.'

Even to the last, when she was known all round the world as one of the
greatest women-preachers of the day, she never spoke without feeling
deeply the responsibility and importance of her work, nor without having
prepared carefully beforehand what she wanted to say.

It was very difficult for her, with four little children, the eldest only
four years and three months old, to get enough time and quiet. We should
have said it was impossible, for she was not well off, and could not
afford to put her sewing out, or to have many servants to work for her;
but she says:--

'God forced me to begin to think and work, and He gave me grace and
strength to do it. Many a time while I was nursing my baby I was thinking
of what I should say next Sunday, and between times I noted down with a
pencil the thoughts as they struck me. Then I would appear with an
outline scratched in pencil, trusting in the Lord to give me the power of
His Holy Spirit; and from the day I began He has never allowed me to open
my mouth without giving me signs of His presence and blessing.'

The two books she always used in getting ready for her Meetings were her
Bible and Concordance.

In later years she taught her children how to prepare for their Meetings,
and some of the advice she gives is very helpful to Corps Cadets.

'"Jesus wept,"' she writes to her eldest girl, who was then fourteen,
'would be a nice subject for you at one of your little Meetings. And you
could find some texts to show how David wept, and Daniel, and Jeremiah,
etc., if you like it. But don't take it because _I_ say so--you must
ask the Lord for your subjects.'

Later on, however, as The Salvation Army grew, Mrs. Booth felt that,
though it was just as necessary to prepare, yet to speak from notes was
often not helpful to either the Officer or the people, so she writes to
one of her sons:--

'Get out of them! They don't fit our work. When you get on, you don't
want them; and when you don't, they are no good. At first, if your memory
won't serve you, just jot on a small bit of paper the size of a ticket
your main divisions in large writing, but no more. Like this:--

  'Day of wrath is come.
  '1. God's wrath.
  '2. Just wrath.
  '3. Uttermost wrath.
  '4. Eternal wrath.'

On the platform Mrs. Booth's manner was as simple and natural as when by
her own fireside; anything 'put on' or affected she hated.

'If I were asked,' she says, 'to put into one word what I consider to be
the greatest hindrance to the success of Divine truth, even when spoken
by sincere and real people, I should say _stiffness_. Simplicity is
indispensable to success, _naturalness_ in putting the truth. It
seems as if people, the moment they come to religion, put on a different
tone, a different look and manner--in short, become unnatural.'

But Mrs. Booth not only prepared for her Meetings by thought and study,
but she prepared most of all by prayer.

'Oh, if we could,' she writes, 'get more of the spirit of prayer into
those who love God! Few understand it at all.

'I always find an exact proportion in the results to the spirit of
intercession I have had beforehand. That is why I like to be alone in
lodgings.'

Before her Meeting she would wrestle and plead with God for hours, in
tears and agony, and then would face her congregation overflowing with
love and faith.

'Pray for me,' she writes during her marvellous Portsmouth campaign. 'No
one knows how I feel. I think I never realized my responsibility as I did
on Sunday night. I felt really awful before rising to speak. The sight
almost overwhelmed me. With its two galleries, its dome-like roof and
vast proportions, when crammed with people, the building presents a most
imposing appearance. The top gallery is ten or twelve seats deep in
front, and it was full of men. Such a sight as I have never seen on any
previous occasion. Oh, how I _yearned_ over them! I felt as if it
would be a small thing to die _there and then_, if that would have
brought them to Jesus.'

Nothing short of men and women getting converted satisfied her.

'They say,' she writes of another campaign, 'the sinners here will
"_bide some bringing down_." Well, the Lord can do it. They tell me,
too, that I am immensely popular with the people. But _that_ is no
comfort unless they will be saved.'

She laboured to get the truth home to the hearts of her listeners, and
that is why her talking was so blessed.

'God made you responsible,' she said, 'not for delivering the truth, but
for GETTING IT IN--getting it home, fixing it in the conscience as a
red-hot iron, as a bolt, straight from His throne; and He has given you
also the _power to do it_; and if you do not do it, _blood_ will be
on your skirts. Oh, this genteel way of putting the truth! How God hates
it! "If you please, dear friends, will you listen? If you please, will
you be converted? Will you come to Jesus? Shall we read just this, that,
and the other?" No more like apostolic preaching than darkness is like
light.'

How can I show you some of the marvellous results of her preaching? In
every part of our land her influence and words made themselves felt; the
largest buildings were crowded with all classes of society, and glorious
cases of conversion and sanctification crowned her labours everywhere. A
lady who was at some of her women's Meetings at Lye, near Birmingham,
tells us:--

'The women left their work, and in all sorts of odd costumes flocked to
the Meetings, some with bonnets, some with shawls fastened over their
head, others with little children clinging to their necks. All, with
eager, inquiring faces, took their seats and listened to the gracious
words which fell from the lips of dear Mrs. Booth. And when the
invitation was given, what a scene ensued! It baffles all description.
Crowding, weeping, rushing to the penitent-form came convicted sinners
and repentant backsliders. When the form was filled the penitents dropped
upon their knees in the aisles or in their seats, so that it was
difficult to move about.'

When holding some Meetings in a Rotherhithe chapel (for The Army was only
just beginning its work, and our Army Mother took Meetings in different
churches and chapels up and down the land), the victories were just as
glorious, and one of her Converts says:--

'There were many remarkable cases of conversion at these Meetings.
Amongst others there were the two daughters of a publican. When one
sister was saved the other went to hear Mrs. Booth on purpose to ridicule
the services. But she was seized with such an agonizing realization of
her sins that she came down from the top of the gallery to the
penitent-form, crying out aloud, "I must come! I must come!" Soon after
their father gave up the public-house, and they afterwards became members
of Mr. Spurgeon's Tabernacle.

'I have seen as many as thirty persons seeking Salvation in a single
Meeting, and some years afterwards, when I looked at the register of our
chapel, I found about one hundred names of those who had professed to be
converted at this time.'

Our Army Mother, too, was equally straight and fearless with the rich
when, later on, they also came in crowds to hear her. She had but one
message and one gospel for all alike. She says, 'By God's help I will not
regard the person of man, but will plainly and fearlessly declare the
truth, come what may.' God honoured this spirit, and her Meetings in the
West-End of London, where the great and rich live, were some of the most
glorious of her life. Of one such she writes:--

'The Lord has very graciously stood by me, and given me much precious
fruit. Last Sunday we had the Hall crowded, and a large proportion of
gentlemen. The Lord was there in power, and twenty-one came forward--some
for Salvation and some for purity. Several were most blessed cases of
full surrender. We did not get away till nearly six, and we began at
three. Everybody is amazed at this for the West-End! The audience is very
select, we never having published a bill. Pray much, dear friend, that
God may do a deep and permanent work in this Babylon. It seems as though
He gave me words of fire for them, and they sat spellbound.'

You say you wish you had heard her speak? Indeed, we all wish you had:
you could never have forgotten it. But several of her addresses were
taken down in shorthand at the time, and are reprinted in her books, so
you can get and read them; and they will bless and teach you as they have
taught thousands before you.




VI

THE MOTHER



'A lady once said to me, "How have you managed to get your children
converted so early?" "Oh," I said, "I have been beforehand with the
Devil."'--MRS. BOOTH.

I have already told you how Mrs. Booth had the true mother spirit when
but a little child, loving and tending her dolls as if they had been real
babies; you will, therefore, guess that with her own children she was the
best and most careful of mothers. She began early to train them in the
right way, and never left them unless forced to do so.

'I cannot part with Willie,' she writes to her mother, who offered to
free Mrs. Booth by taking charge of the baby for her; 'first, because I
know the child's affections could not but be weaned from us; and
secondly, because the next year will be the most important of his life
with reference to managing his will; and in this I cannot but distrust
you. I know, my darling mother, you could not wage war with his self-will
so resolutely as to subdue it. And then my child would be ruined, for he
must be taught implicit, uncompromising obedience.'

But long before writing this she had already claimed her boy for God and
His war. 'I had from the first,' she says, 'definite longings over
Bramwell, and lifted him up to God as soon as I had strength to do so,
especially desiring he should be a teacher of Holiness.' These prayers
began to be answered very early. The boy had a truthful and conscientious
nature. Never, his mother says, does she remember his telling her a lie.
But, for all that, he needed, as do all children, training and teaching,
and Mrs. Booth was too wise not to be firm. She writes therefore:

'I believe he will be a thoroughly noble lad, if I can preserve him from
all evil influence. The Lord help me! I have had to whip him twice lately
severely for disobedience, and it has cost me some tears. But it has done
him good, and I am reaping the reward already of my self-sacrifice. The
Lord help me to be faithful and firm as a rock in the path of duty
towards my children!'

We know how practical our Army Mother always was; sentimental pity
without help she despised. When her little son, therefore, saw and pitied
a small boy with shoeless feet, his mother quickly reminded him of his
little money-box.

'Would you rather keep the money for barley-sugar, Willie, or give it to
the poor boy?' she asked. 'Give it to the boy,' he said at once, and so
learnt his first lesson in self-denial.

When the boy was seven years old he was converted, to his mother's
deepest joy. Some time before she had talked to him in a Meeting, and
urged him to get saved. The boy sat still and said nothing. 'Willie, I
insist,' said his mother at last. 'You must answer me. Will you give your
heart to God or not? Yes or no?'

Willie looked up in her face steadily and answered back 'No.'

Mrs. Booth said no more just then, but held on in faith and prayer, and
some months later, to her unutterable thankfulness, she found him
squeezed in among a number of other children at the penitent-form. He
had, unasked, made his way there, and was weeping and confessing his sins
with all his heart.

Needless to say, he was faithfully dealt with, and the boy, now our
beloved General, dates his conversion from that moment. A little later
Mrs. Booth wrote of him:--

'Willie has begun to serve God, of course as a child, but still, I trust,
taught of the Spirit. I feel a great increase of responsibility with
respect to him. Oh! to cherish the tender plant of grace aright. Lord
help!'

And as with the eldest so with the other seven. One by one they gave
their hearts to the Lord as soon as they grew old enough to do so.

'She used to gather us round her,' says one of her daughters,' and pray
with us. I wore then a low frock, and her hot tears would often drop upon
my neck, sending a thrill through me which I can never forget.'

She would pray again and again that she might lay them in their graves
rather than she should see them grow up wicked.

Mrs. Booth was very particular about the way in which her children were
dressed.

Of course, there was no uniform in those days, but The Army spirit was
already in The Army Mother, and she would not have any finery or show,
either for herself or her children.

'Accept,' she writes to her mother, 'my warm thanks for the little frock
you sent. There is only one difficulty--it is too smart. We must set an
example in this direction. I feel no temptation now to decorate myself,
but I cannot say the same about the children; and yet, Oh, I see I must
be decided. Besides, I find it would be dangerous for their own sakes.
The seed of vanity is too deeply sown in their young hearts for me to
dare to cultivate it.'

Even in her early days Mrs. Booth felt how wrong it was to spend time and
money over dress:--

'I remember feeling condemned,' she says, 'when quite a child, not more
than eight years old, at having to wear a lace tippet such as was
fashionable in those days. From a worldly point of view it would have
been considered, no doubt, very neat and consistent. But on several
occasions I had good crying fits over it. Not only did I instinctively
feel it to be immodest, because people could see through it, but I
thought it was not such as a Christian child should wear.'

In everything to do with her home Mrs. Booth was a most practical and
careful mother. She hated waste and luxury, but her children were always
properly dressed and fed and cared for, and never lacked what was
necessary for them.

Ladies who had been blessed by her words came to consult her about their
souls, and to their surprise found the great preacher, not shut away in
her study, but hard at work perhaps ironing the baby's pinafores, or
cutting out a pair of trousers for one of her boys! 'I must try,' she
said, when she began to live this two-fold life, 'to do all in the
kitchen as well as in the pulpit to the glory of God. The Lord help me.'
He did help her, and it was this practical mother-spirit at home which
gave her so much force and power on the platform.

As the children grew older, they were more away from her side, and her
letters to them are suitable, not only to her actual sons and daughters,
but to her spiritual grandchildren who will read this little book.
Therefore I am going to give you some extracts, which you may take as
though written by our Army Mother straight to your own heart.

To one of her boys at school she wrote:--

'I do hope you are industrious, and do not lose time in play and
inattention. Remember Satan steals his marches on us by _littles_--a
minute now, and a minute then. Be on the look out, and don't be cheated
by him!

'All your little trials will soon be over, so far as school life is
concerned; and every one of them, if borne with patience, will make you a
wiser and better man. Never forget my advice about not listening to
_secrets_! Don't hear anything that needs to be whispered--it is
sure to be bad. Choose the boys to be your companions who most love and
fear God, and pray together when you can, and help each other.'

Here is a very beautiful letter written when one of her children desired
to go in for some higher education, which Mrs. Booth feared might spoil
the soul life:--

'I do so want you and all my children to live supremely for God. I do so
deeply deplore my own failure compared with what my life might have been,
and I feel as if I could die to save you from making a mistake. Perhaps
you say, "You don't want me, then, to learn any more?" Yes, I do, a great
deal more; but of the right kind, in the right way, and for a right
purpose, even the _highest good of your race_. I would like you to
learn to put your thoughts together well, to think logically and clearly,
to speak powerfully--that is, with good but simple language--and to write
clearly and well.'

Just the wish we have now for all our Young People!

Early in their childhood the elder children were taught to be responsible
for the younger, and when at school they were given places of trust as
monitors, and so on. As if knowing the responsibilities they would by and
by be called to fill in our ranks, Mrs. Booth gives them some wise
counsel:--

'I hope,' she says to one who has been left in charge of the other
children, 'you will show yourself to be a true son of your mother, and a
consistent disciple of the Lord. Very much depends on you as to the ease
and comfort of managing the little ones. Do all you can. Be forbearing
where only your own feelings or comfort are concerned, and don't raise
unnecessary difficulties; but where their obedience to us or their health
is at stake, be firm in trying to put them right.'

'I am pleased,' she says to one of the boys who has been in charge of
others at school, 'that Mr. W. puts such confidence in you; but do not be
puffed up by it. Remember how weak you are, and ask the Lord to save you
from conceit and self-sufficiency. Try to be fair and just in all
dealings with the boys--i.e., do not be hard on a boy whom you may not
happen to like so well as another; but be fair, and treat all alike when
left in charge.'

Again, she warns one of them against extremes, even in well doing:

'You are under a mistake to suppose that sacrificing your recreation-time
will help you in the end. It will not. Cramming the mind acts just in the
same way as cramming the stomach. It is what you digest well that
benefits you, not what you cram in. So many hours spent in study, and
then relaxation and walking, will do your mind much more good than "all
work, and no play." Now mark this. Do not be looking so much at what you
_have_ to do as to what you are _doing_. Leave the future (you
may spend it in Heaven), and go steadily on doing to-day's work in
to-day's hours, with recreation in between to shake the seed in. One
step well and firmly taken is better than two with a slip backwards.
Poor human nature seems as though it must go to extremes--either all or
none, too much or too little, idleness or being killed with work! May
the Lord show you the happy medium.'

'I was sorry about the cause of the accident. I don't like that way of
doing things in fun! Though it was very wrong and wicked of the boy to
throw the brick, yet it would have been better to let him look at the
guinea-pigs being fed, and thus have pleased him. There was no harm in
what he wanted to do. You should watch against a hectoring spirit, and
mind the difference between a sacrifice of truth and principle, and one
only of self-importance or of mere feeling. If a boy wants you to do
wrong, then be firm as a rock and brave for God and goodness.'

'Mind your soul,' she says at another time. 'Do not let your thoughts get
so absorbed, even in study, as to lead you to forget your Bible and to
neglect prayer.'

Later, again, as a wise mother she warns them in the tenderest way
against their special temptations.

Against lightness:--

'Be watchful against levity. C. is a good, devoted fellow, but naturally
an incorrigible joker. It may not hurt him much, because it is his
nature; but it will hurt you if you give way to it. It hurts nearly
everybody.

Watch! Don't descend to buffoonery. While you become all things to win
some, don't forfeit your natural self-respect and the dignity of your
position as a servant of Christ.'

Against too much talk:--

'The Spirit is teaching you this--is showing you that you must be more
silent. The tongue is one of the greatest enemies to grace (James iii.
5-13). Strive to obey these teachings of God. Yield yourself up to obey;
and though you sometimes fail and slip, do not be discouraged, but yield
yourself up again and again, and plead more fervently with God to keep
you. Fourteen years ago you were learning to walk, and in the process you
got many a tumble. But now you can not only walk yourself, but teach
others. So, spiritually, if you will only let God lead you, He will
perfect that which is lacking in you.'

But it was not at first easy for the mother-spirit in Mrs. Booth to allow
her delicate girls of fourteen or fifteen to undertake a public life, and
to speak and sing at the street corners, surrounded by a rough, low
crowd. Such a thing was unheard-of in those days.

Once, hearing that her daughter Catherine had spoken in the open air to a
large crowd, Mrs. Booth objected, as other mothers have since objected:
the girl was too young as yet--she must wait awhile.

But her eldest son, looking at his mother in the tenderest and most
solemn way, said, 'Mamma, dear, you will have to settle this question
with God; for Katie is as surely called and inspired by Him for the
particular work as you are yourself.'

Mrs. Booth said no more. She took this as the voice of God, and gave her
girl up to the marvellous work which God had called her to do.

Later she writes of her to a friend:--

'Join me in praying that she may be kept humble and simple, and that all
that the Lord has given her may be used for Him.'

'I see,' she says, writing at this same time to her daughter, 'what a
glorious, blessed, useful life you may live; but I also see your danger,
and I pray for you that you may be enabled to cast aside the world in
every form, to look down upon its opinions, and to despise its spirit,
maxims, and fashions.'

Later on, again, came the days when the boys had to choose, as you have
to do, how they would spend their lives. Mrs. Booth might be writing to a
Corps Cadet of to-day when, in a letter to one of her sons, she says:--

'I hope the Lord will make you so miserable everywhere and at everything
else that you will be _compelled_ to preach! Oh, my boy, the Lord
wants such as you--_just such_--to go out amongst the people,
seeking nothing but the things that are Jesus Christ's! You are free to
do it; able by His grace; born to do it, with splendid opportunities.
Will you not rise to your destiny? "Have courage, and be strong, and I
(the I Am) will be with thee." "Get thee out, and I will go with thee."
Dare you not take hold of the arm that holds the world and all things up?
And if you do, can you fail? The Lord gird you with His strength, and
make your brow brass, and your tongue as a flame of fire. You _must
preach_!'

To another of her boys she writes:--

'You may, perhaps, be wanted to stand and do battle for the Lord. Surely
you will not sell your birthright? The Lord help you! Take hold of
David's God. Hold your head up, keep your shoulders back, and go
forward.'

Again:--

'This is what the world wants: men of one idea--that of getting people
saved. There are plenty of men of one idea--that of _gold_-getting.
They make no secret of it; they are of a worldly spirit. Now we want men
who are set on soul-saving, who are not ashamed to let everybody know
it--men of a Christ-like spirit. There need be no mistake or mystery about
it. "By their fruits ye shall know them." Paul and every other man of
like spirit has had his fruits, and will have to the end of time. It is
"Not by might, nor by power, but by _My Spirit_, saith the Lord of
Hosts."'

With one of her daughters she reasons and pleads:--

'Oh, it seems to me that if I were in your place--young, no cares or
anxieties, with such a start, such influence, and such a prospect--I
should not be able to contain myself for joy! I should, indeed, aspire to
be the "bride of the Lamb," and to follow Him in conflict for the
Salvation of poor, lost, miserable man. I pray the Lord to show it to
you, and so to enamour you of Himself, that you may see and feel it to be
your chief joy to win them for Him. I say I pray for this--yes, I groan
for it, with groanings that cannot be uttered; and if ever you tell me it
is so, I shall be overjoyed.

'I don't want you to make any vows (unless, indeed, the Spirit leads you
to do so); but I want you to set your mind and heart on winning souls,
and to leave everything else with the Lord. When you do this you will be
happy--Oh, so happy! Your soul will then find perfect rest. The Lord
grant it to you, my dear child.'

She made all her children feel that the only reward they could give her
for her ceaseless toil and labour on their behalf was that they should
give themselves to the War:--

'I hope, my dear boy, that, whatever sense of obligation or gratitude you
have towards me, you will try to return it by resolutely resisting all
temptation to evil, and by fitting yourself to your utmost to be useful
to your fellow-men. I ask from you, as I asked from God, no other reward.
If I know my own heart, I would rather that you should work for the
Salvation of souls, making bad hearts good, and miserable homes happy,
and preparing joy and gladness for men at the Judgment bar, if you only
get bread and cheese all your life, than that you should fill any other
capacity with £10,000 per year.'

To one of her children, when tempted to be over-anxious, she writes:--

'Keep your mind quiet. Lean back on God, and don't worry. It is His
affair, and if you have done what you could, that is enough. Alas! how
little we have of the faith that can "stand still, and see the Salvation
of God." What would you do if you were put in custody for two years, like
Paul was? And yet that imprisonment at Rome sent the Gospel far and wide!
God's ways are not our ways. He takes in the whole field at once, and
does the best He can for the entire world. Human wisdom never has been
able at the time to comprehend His plans, but years after it has often
seen their wisdom. Let us learn to trust in the dark--to stand still.'

To another, tried and discouraged at the start of his public life:--

'I have only a minute or two; but, lest you should think I don't
sympathize with you, I send you a line. You ask, did I ever feel so? Yes,
I think just as bad as any mortal _could_ feel--_empty_, inside
and out, as though I had nothing human or Divine to aid me, as if all
Hell were let loose upon me.

But I have generally felt _the worse before the best results_, which
proves it was Satanic opposition. And it has been the same with many of
God's most honoured instruments. I believe nearly all who are truly
called of God to special usefulness pass through this buffeting.

'It stands to sense, if there is a Devil, that he should desperately
withstand those whom he sees are going to be used of God. Supposing
_you_ were the Devil, and had set your heart on circumventing God,
how would you do it but by opposing those who were bent on building up
His Kingdom? He hopes to drive us from the field by blood and fire and
vapour of smoke. But our Captain fought and won the battle for us, and we
have only to hold on long enough, and victory is sure. "Courage!" your
Captain cries. "Only be thou strong, and of good courage, and I will be
with thee, and teach thee what to say."

'"He hath chosen the weak things." He has not _made shift with
them_--taken them because there were no others. No! He hath
_chosen_ them. Will He ever forsake them, and thus make Himself a
laughing-stock for Hell? Never! Will He ever let the Devil say, "Ah, ah!
He chose this weak one, and then let him fail"? No, no, no!'

On the important question of courtship, she writes:--

'The Devil sets such innocent-looking traps--_spiritual traps_--to
catch young people! Ah, he is a serpent still! Beware of his devices, and
always cry to God for wisdom and strength of will to put down all foolish
tampering. You are born for greater things. God may want you to be a
leader in some vast continent, and you will want a companion and a
counsellor--a "helpmeet." The original word means "_a help
corresponding to his dignity_" This is the meaning given by the best
expositors. Oh, what wisdom there is even in the _words_ which God
has chosen to express His ideas! "Corresponding to his dignity!" Yes, and
no man ever takes one below this mark who does not suffer for it; and,
worse still, generations yet unborn have to suffer also. Mind what God
says, and keep yourself till that one comes.

'A wrong step on this point, and you are undone. Oh, the misery of an
unsuitable match! It is beyond description. I could tell you tales of woe
that are now being enacted. But I must wait till we meet.

'I have seen too much of life, and know too much of human nature, to have
much confidence in promises given under such circumstances. For my own
part, I made up my mind when I was but sixteen that I would not have a
man, though a Christian, who should offer to become even an abstainer for
my sake. I felt that such a promise would not afford me ground for
confidence afterwards. And do not we see enough all round us to show that
unless people adopt things on principle, because they see it to be right,
they soon change? Look at the folks who promise to give up tobacco and
dress, for the sake of getting into berths; how soon it evaporates! No,
my lad, wait a bit. "Couldst thou not watch with Me one hour?" Jesus
lived a single life for your sake all the way through. Can you not live
so till He finds you one after His own heart? I feel sure He will. Pray
about it in faith. I am doing so; and God will answer. But Oh, don't run
before Him! Wait on the Lord.

'A little longer and you will be saying, "Oh, how glad I am I waited! I
have now found a treasure indeed!" When God's time and person are come,
He will bring you together. How delighted and satisfied Isaac must have
felt when the servant told him the way God led him (Genesis xxiv.).'

When standing by her grave The General said she was _The Army
Mother_. He said the truth.

One of her early promises, given to her as a girl, when she only saw its
greatness and hid it away in her heart as too sacred to be spoken of, and
almost too wonderful ever to be accomplished, were the words: 'I will
make thee a mother of nations.'

When called to send her children abroad, she paid to the full the heavy
price; but she also saw the glorious outcome, and from her death-bed sent
tenderest messages to those of distant lands and far-off nations who
owned her as their Army Mother.




VII

THE WORKER



'What the Lord wants is, that you shall go about the business to which He
sets you, not asking for an easy post, nor grumbling at a hard
one.'--MRS. BOOTH.

If she had not been a worker, our Army Mother would have done little with
her life. The wonderful call which came to her, her great gifts, the zeal
and love which filled her heart, would all have been useless had she not
been willing to work, and to work hard, and to work every day.

Stop and think about this. No life accomplishes anything unless it is
full of hard work--often work accompanied by much drudgery, whether it is
the life of a king or of a poor man. Mrs. Booth has set us all an example
in this, for she would work ceaselessly with head or hands or heart, as
long as ever her health allowed her to do so. Laziness and idleness of
all kinds she detested; nor could she tolerate a lazy person in her
service.

She worked first of all in her home. When she spent a morning in her
kitchen, the work there was perfectly done. The dinner was ready at the
right time, properly cooked, good and wholesome. She allowed no waste and
no extravagance. Her bread was light and beautifully baked, and when she
had finished her morning's work her kitchen was as neat as when she
began. She finished everything, and put it straight as she went along.

It was the same with the children. She was alike nurse and doctor,
dressmaker and tailor; she made and mended, washed and ironed for her
boys and girls during their early years, and herself attended to every
smallest detail of their lives. Strangers who asked where Mrs. Booth
bought her children's things, so that they could go to the same shop,
could scarcely believe the reply: 'Mamma makes all our clothes
herself'--so beautifully were they cut and finished.

And when the little garments were of no further service to her, she would
alter and mend them once again, and give them away. Her baby-clothes,
when the last daughter had outgrown them, were given to a member of the
Mission for his child.

He will never forget taking the little bundle home to his wife and
turning over the tiny things. 'I had often heard Mrs. Booth preach,' he
said, 'but those baby-clothes preached a louder sermon to me and my wife
than ever her words had done. They were all darned and mended and
patched, and the work--but, there, I never saw such stitches! And as we
looked, and knew the hours of toil she must have put into them, rather
than throw them away, as many another would have done--well, I tell you I
listened to her next sermon as I had never listened before.'

And this same diligent, tireless spirit was with her to the last. When on
her deathbed, able only to use her left hand, and propped up by pillows,
she devised a little frame on which, painfully, stitch by stitch, she
could work a last token of love for The General.

When her hands were folded still in death, I saw those slippers. They
were beautifully embroidered, one with the words, 'He will keep the feet
of His Saints'; and the other with the sure and certain hope which lay
beyond the parting, 'Our feet shall stand within thy gates, O
Jerusalem'--a fitting and sacred service with which to close her many
years of toil and labour for others.

But our Army Mother had another way of working in her home--that is, she
worked over others. If a girl wished to learn, Mrs. Booth would take
endless trouble in showing her the best way to wash or iron, or clean a
grate, or do whatever the work on hand might be. She instructed her
servants, explaining to them the reason for doing their duties in a
certain way, teaching them forethought and common sense, and dealing
faithfully with them over all their failures.

'Better,' she said, in one of her addresses--and she lived it out in her
own home--'better take a girl whom you have to teach how to wash a
child's face, or to stitch a button on, if she is true and sincere, than
have one ever so clever, who will teach your children to lie and
deceive.'

She worked, too, over the cases of need and poverty which were often at
her door. Not content, like so many, with giving a few coppers to a
beggar, or some broken food, she would inquire into the _cause_ of
the distress; and then, if the need seemed genuine, she would help,
either by getting the father work, or by having the home visited and
suitable relief given after the true condition of things had been found
out.

And this was only a little of the homework with which her hands were ever
full. Of her ceaseless care over her children's mind and soul training I
have told you elsewhere. But of her public work perhaps the most
exhausting was that which resulted from her Meetings. For she could not
rest content with the most careful preparation beforehand, nor with
pouring out her whole soul upon the people during the forty or fifty
minutes that her address lasted. At the close of the Meeting, whenever
her health allowed it, she would labour and toil, often for two hours and
more, dealing herself with the penitents, meeting their difficulties, one
by one, and was unwilling to leave them until, as far as possible, all
had claimed and received the blessing they sought.

The next day, too, she would follow up any special case with a long
personal letter from her own pen, or she would arrange another interview,
or in some way keep in close, actual touch with the struggling soul,
until the step of obedience had been taken, and he or she was fairly
started on the Narrow Way.

And it was this careful, earnest, patient after-work which gave such
glorious harvests to her soul-saving campaigns. Labour and trouble were a
joy to her, if she could but help one sincere, seeking soul into the
light.

But remember this: while she so toiled over all who came to her for
advice and guidance, she never repeated nor passed on to others their
confidences. If she had done so, people would soon have left off corning
to her; they would have said, 'We cannot trust her.' She was, as you
know, a mighty speaker; but about other people's affairs she was entirely
silent--as you must learn to be if you wish to be of any service to God
or man.

And Mrs. Booth strove constantly to teach all who were around her to work
as she did. 'You have begun well enough--now carry it through,' she would
say again and again to her children, and whether it was a doll's frock,
or an article for 'The War Cry,' or a series of Meetings, it was always
the same. Unfinished, half-done work she detested with all her soul. 'If
a thing is worth beginning at all, then it is worth finishing,' she would
say; and this great principle followed her through her life in small
things as in great.

This was the reason that, on her deathbed, she could say, turning to the
Chief of the Staff, 'I have no vain regrets about the past. As far as my
strength allowed, I have finished the work I had to do as I went along;
and now I leave it, all imperfect as it has been, in His hands.'

Perhaps, by nature, you are not a worker. But what you are not by nature,
you can become by grace. God can teach you to love work. And as you work,
you will, like our dear Army Mother, learn better and better how to work;
and your life, whenever God calls you to lay it down, shall be like hers,
not unfinished, but complete.




VIII

GOODNESS



'I see more than ever that the religion which is pleasing to God consists
in doing and enduring His will, rather than in good sentiments and
feelings. The Lord help us to endure as seeing Him who is
invisible.'--MRS. BOOTH.

When our first General stood on that October evening by the grave of his
beloved wife, and spoke to us with a breaking heart of our Army Mother,
he unfolded to us the three great qualities which made her character so
beautiful. First, and foremost, she was good; secondly, she was love;
and, thirdly, she was a Warrior. Let us, following The General's outline,
look at these three leading qualities in her life. 'First,' he said, 'she
was _good_. She was washed in the Blood of the Lamb. To the last
moment her cry was "a sinner saved by grace." She was a thorough hater of
shams, hypocrisies, and make-believes. Her goodness was of a practical
sort. "By their fruits ye shall know them" was a text she often quoted,
and one by which she was always willing to be judged.'

It is of this 'goodness of a practical sort' that I want first to tell
you, before we consider that soul goodness which made her life so holy.

Mrs. Booth could not imagine any goodness apart from industry. As we have
already seen, she considered it a sin to waste precious time. Any one who
was lazy she could not endure, and when one such offered for the work she
wrote of him:--

'I do hope you will not throw a lot of money away in trying H------, just
for want of courage to tell him at once that he will not do, because I am
sure that it will be thrown away. It is the _nature_ of the man that
is at fault, and not his _circumstances_. He is a _drone_, and
nothing, no change of place or position, can ever make him into a bee. He
never ought to have left his trade; he never _would_ have done so if
he had thought soul-saving was harder work!'

Extravagance and waste of every kind she abhorred, and had she not been
so careful in planning and arranging, her time and money would again and
again have run short. The sewing, mending, and housekeeping needed for a
family of little children when means are scarce would have been burden
enough for most mothers. But besides this came her own letter-writing,
preparing for her Meetings, and also the hours she spent consulting and
advising The General, whose voice, 'Here, Kate,' would call her from the
nursery or kitchen to help him decide some important question.

Again, it was impossible to talk to Mrs. Booth, even for five minutes,
without finding how true and sincere she was. To please no one would she
keep back the truth, or appear different from her real self.

'I believe,' she writes, when quite a young woman, 'honesty to be the
best policy, and I shall act upon it. Let me have truth, if it shakes the
foundation of the earth.'

She was sincere and faithful in every part of her nature: faithful with
her own soul and in dealing with the souls of others. Great or small,
rich or poor, she made no difference, and never held back from reproving
sin when it was needful.

'I see more than ever,' she said, 'the need of making righteous people
true in their _inward parts_. Let us be more thorough than ever with
souls under conviction. Let us not be afraid to wound too deeply.
Thousands of professors have never been truly convinced of sin, much less
truly converted. Sin to them is _being found out_!'

Though all through her life our Army Mother hungered and thirsted to
know God better, and to serve Him more perfectly, yet it was not till
some time after her marriage that she received the blessing of a clean
heart.

Of the struggle and conflict which she went through, before the blessing
of Holiness became hers, she shall tell you in her own words:--

'I had been earnestly seeking all the week to know Jesus as an
all-sufficient Saviour dwelling in my heart, and thus cleansing it every
moment of all sin; but on Thursday and Friday I laid aside almost
everything else, and spent the chief part of the day in reading and
prayer, and trying to believe for it. On Thursday afternoon at tea-time I
was well-nigh discouraged, and felt my old visitant, irritability, and
the Devil told me I should never get it, and so I might as well give it
up at once. However, I know him of old as a liar and the father of lies,
and pressed on, cast down, yet not destroyed.

'On Friday morning God gave me two precious passages. First, "Come unto
Me all ye that labour and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest." Oh,
how sweet it sounded to my poor, weary, sin-stricken soul! I almost dared
to believe that He did give me rest from inbred sin--the rest of perfect
Holiness. But I staggered at the promise through unbelief, and therefore
failed to enter in. The second passage consisted of those thrice-blessed
words, "Of Him are ye in Christ Jesus, who is made unto us wisdom,
righteousness, sanctification, and redemption." But again unbelief
hindered me, although I felt as if getting gradually nearer.

'I struggled through the day until a little after six in the evening,
when William joined me in prayer. We had a blessed season. While he was
saying, "Lord, we open our hearts to receive Thee," that word was spoken
to my soul, "Behold, I stand at the door and knock. If any man hear My
voice, and open unto Me, I will come in, and sup with him." I felt sure
He had long been knocking, and Oh, how I yearned to receive Him as a
perfect Saviour! But Oh, the inveterate habit of unbelief! How wonderful
that God should have borne so long with me! When we got up from our
knees, I lay on the sofa, exhausted with the excitement and effort of the
day. William said, "Don't you lay all on the altar?" I replied, "I am
sure I do!" Then he said, "And isn't the altar holy?" I replied in the
language of the Holy Ghost, "The altar is most holy, and whatsoever
toucheth it is holy." Then, said he, "Are you not holy?" I replied with
my heart full of emotion and with some faith, "Oh, I think I am!"
Immediately the word was given me to confirm my faith. "Now are ye clean
through the word which I have spoken unto you." And I took hold--true,
with a trembling hand, and not unmolested by the tempter, but I held fast
the beginning of my confidence, and it grew stronger, and from that
moment I have dared to reckon myself dead indeed unto sin, and alive unto
God through Jesus Christ my Lord.

'I did not feel much rapturous joy, but perfect peace, the sweet rest
which Jesus promised to the heavy laden. I have understood the Apostle's
meaning when he says, "We who believe do enter into rest." This is just
descriptive of my state at present. Not that I am not tempted, but I am
allowed to know the Devil when he approaches me, and I look to my
Deliverer Jesus, and He still gives me rest. Two or three very trying
things occurred on Saturday, which at another time would have excited
impatience, but I was kept by the power of God through faith unto full
Salvation.

'And now what shall I say? "Unto Him who has washed me in His own Blood
be glory and dominion for ever and ever," and all within me says "Amen!"
Oh! I cannot describe, I have no words to set forth the sense I have of
my own utter unworthiness. Satan has met me frequently with my peculiarly
aggravated sins, and I have admitted it all. But then I have said, the
Lord has not made my sanctification to depend in any measure on my own
worthiness or unworthiness, but on the worthiness of my Saviour. He came
to seek and to save "that which was lost." "Where sin hath abounded,
grace doth much more abound"'

How wonderfully in after years Mrs. Booth explained and led others into
this same blessing, we know. Was not, then, the long struggle and agony
on her own behalf worth it? Yes, indeed, and it will be so with you when
you get this glorious blessing in your soul.

You will have noticed how in struggling for Holiness Mrs. Booth had to
fight unbelief. This determination to trust God fully marked her out as
strong in faith.

She had this marvellous faith because she obeyed and struggled to throw
herself on the Lord; but faith was not _natural_ to her any more
than it is to you or me.

Often money was short, and she hardly knew how she would be able to feed
and clothe her family: this was a sore trial of her faith. On one such
occasion she wrote to her mother:--

'We have not at present received as much as our travelling expenses and
house rent. I feel a good deal perplexed, and am sometimes tempted to
mistrust the Lord. But I will not allow it. Our Father knows!'

Later on we get a sight of her own experience in one of her letters, when
she said:--

'I am much tried just now by perplexities of every kind; uncertainty,
from a human standpoint, hedges me in on every side. Satan says it is
useless trying to steer straight through such a labyrinth; but I am
determined to hold on to the promises, come what will. My God is the
living God. He sees me, knows me, loves me, cares for me, wants to have
me with Him in Glory, as much as He did Abraham, or Paul, or John. If
this be true, what have I to fear?'

And again:--

'"Said I not unto thee, that, if thou wouldst believe, thou shouldst see
the Salvation of God?" This is a precious word. It has kept my soul alive
many a time when Satan has almost overthrown me. "If thou canst believe,
all things are possible to thee. Never mind whether anybody else can or
cannot. If others are too strong to let Me carry them, if thou art weak
enough to throw up all self-effort, and trust Me with thy whole weight, I
will carry thee, and thou shalt glorify Me." I know this is the way.
Hence the babes go in with the simple and the great sinners, while the
reasoners, and the strong, and the proud, and the fearful are shut out.'

Again, to one who was cast down, and tempted to be discouraged because of
his failings, she writes:--

'It is well to see them, for how can we take hold of Jesus to mend what
we don't see? It is best to know ourselves, but we Salvationists are in
danger of erring on the other side. We look too much at ourselves apart
from Him who is or would be our righteousness, sanctification, and
redemption. Faith in Him as your keeper will do more in five minutes than
years of conflict without it.'

Once, in another letter, she gives us a beautiful bit of her own soul's
experience on this subject:--

'I had such a view of His love and faithfulness on the journey from
Wellingborough, that I thought I would never doubt again about anything.
I had the carriage to myself, and such a precious season with the Lord,
that the time seemed to fly. As the lightning gleamed around I felt ready
to shout, "The chariot of Israel, and the horsemen thereof." Oh, how
precious it is when we see as well as believe, but yet more blessed to
believe and not see! Lord, work this determined, obstinate, blind,
unquestioning, unanswering faith in me and my beloved friend, and let us
two dare to trust Thee in the midst of our peculiar trials. As I looked
at the waving fields, and grazing sheep, the flashing sky, a Voice said
in my soul, "Of what oughtest thou to be afraid? Am I not God? Cannot I
supply thy little, tiny needs?" My heart replied, "It is enough, Lord; I
will trust Thee, forgive my unbelief."'




IX

LOVE



The truest love must ever seek the highest good of its object; sometimes
even with forgetfulness of important smaller advantages.'--MRS. BOOTH.

The second great quality in Mrs. Booth's character, as given by the first
General, was her love.

'She was _love_,' he says. 'Her whole soul was full of tender, deep
compassion. Oh, how she loved, how she pitied the suffering poor! How she
longed to put her arms round the sorrowful, and help them!'

'How,' asked Mrs. Booth once, 'are we to put heart into people? Even
grace seems to fail to do so in many instances. I think it needs mothers
to do this from infancy upwards.'

You will recollect that Mrs. Mumford fostered this 'heart' and love in
her little girl; and you will remember how keenly Katie felt, blazing up
into wrath at any story of wrong or injury, and ready to sacrifice her
life for those she loved. This spirit grew with her. She could not help
caring and struggling to help all who needed her. The General often told
her in later years that she was killing herself by carrying every one's
burdens. Then she would try to leave off for a little, but her heart was
too strong, and she could not hold it back.

When but a child, running down the road with her hoop and stick, she saw
a drunkard being dragged off to prison by a policeman. All the people
were jeering and mocking at the poor friendless wretch. Instantly Katie's
pity and love fired up. She dashed across the street, and marched along
close by the man's side, so that he might feel that at least one little
heart cared for him, and wanted to help him.

To the end of her life she carried this deep, tender pity wherever she
went. She loved the poor. 'With all their faults,' she said, 'they have
larger hearts than the rich'; and she loved them for it.

Where any one had a warm heart, she could forgive and overlook many
mistakes; but with cold, narrow, 'fishy' souls, she had neither sympathy
nor patience.

Our Army Mother's help was practical. She did not only give money or
pity, but she--so to speak--rolled up her sleeves and helped the
suffering herself.

Every sort of suffering and need appealed to her. If an animal was
wounded or in pain, she stopped, and herself relieved it as best she
could; and to the last, if she saw a horse or any creature being
ill-treated, she would not hesitate to rush out and stop the driver, or
in some way force him to leave off his cruelty.

She was not only kind and helpful to those she liked, but every living
thing that suffered had a claim upon her, and the greater the need the
more tender and ready was her help.

Mrs. Booth was a people's woman, and she was never weary of scheming and
planning how to help the poor in the most practical way.

'When I see people going wrong,' she said, when but a girl of twelve, 'I
must tell the poor things how to manage.'

Dirt and sin, and drink and misery, could not quench this love; it was a
part of her very nature. Long, long before Slum Sisters were ever thought
of, Mrs. Booth did their work herself, just because she so loved the
poor, and longed to help them. You shall read the story in her own
words:--

'I remember in one case finding a poor woman lying on a heap of rags. She
had just given birth to twins, and there was nobody of any sort to wait
upon her. I can never forget the desolation of that room. By her side was
a crust of bread and a small lump of lard. "I fancied a bit o' bootter
(butter)," the woman remarked apologetically, noticing my eye fall upon
the scanty meal, "and my mon, he'd do owt for me he could, bless'm--he
couldna git me iny bootter, so he fitcht me this bit o' lard. Have
_you_ iver tried lard isted o' bootter? It's _rare good_!" said
the poor creature, making me wish I had taken lard for "bootter" all my
life, that I might have been the better able to minister to her needs.
However, I was soon busy trying to make her a little more comfortable.
The babies I washed in a broken pie-dish, the nearest approach to a tub
that I could find. And the gratitude of those large eyes, that gazed upon
me from out of that wan and shrunken face, can never fade from my
memory.'

Before public Meetings took up so much of her time, she delighted in this
house-to-house visiting, and went especially for the drunkards, over whom
God gave her a wonderful power.

'I used to visit in the evenings,' she says, 'because it was the only
part of the day in which I could get away; and, besides, I should not
have found the men at home at any other time. I used to ask one
drunkard's wife where another lived. They always knew. After getting hold
of eight or ten in this way, and getting them to sign the pledge, I used
to arrange Cottage Meetings for them, and try to get them saved. They
used to let me talk to them in homes where there was not a stick of
furniture, and nothing to sit down upon.'

In this way our Army Mother sought and cared for the drunkards long
before Drunkards' Brigades were dreamt of.

When, at a later time in her life, she first heard of the wicked and
cruel way in which young girls are trapped and drawn into sin, Mrs.
Booth's soul was filled with a whirlwind of holy indignation.

'I feel as though I could not rest, but as though I must go and ferret
out these monsters myself,' she wrote. 'Almost everybody, notwithstanding
the indignation, seems so content with talking. Nobody appears willing to
take the responsibility of doing or risking anything. Oh, what a state
the world has got into!'

But, deep and practical as was her love in earthly things, her passion
for lifting and leading souls into Salvation and Holiness was a thousand
times more intense. 'If we only realized, as we ought, the value of
souls, we should not live long under it,' she said; and she herself
realized it fully enough to make her fight on ceaselessly in spite of
intense weakness. 'If it were not for eternity,' she often sighed, 'I
should soon give up this life.'

It was love for souls which made her go from town to town, care-worn,
weary, often quite unfit to meet the immense congregations which came to
hear her.

It was love for souls which kept her sitting for hours at her
writing-table, when she should have been resting, trying to help those
who turned to her for counsel and direction from every part of the globe.

It was love for souls which gave her many a sleepless night, and chained
her to her knees, weeping and pleading, agonizing with God on behalf of
the people she was to face the next day.

And this love for souls grew even stronger as death came near. 'Eva,' she
exclaimed to one of her daughters, as she lay racked with agonizing pain,
'don't you forget that man with the handcuffs on. Find him. Go to
Lancaster Jail; let somebody go with you, and find that man. Tell him
that your mother, when she was dying, prayed for him, and that she had a
feeling in her heart that God would save him; and tell him, hard as the
ten years of imprisonment may be, it will be easier with Christ than it
would be without Him.'

She was lying between earth and Heaven, thinking of the joy and peace
awaiting her, when it seemed as if she saw the dark face of a heathen
woman, and heard the cry, 'Won't you help us?' The old love for perishing
souls woke again directly, and she cried, 'Oh, yes, Lord, I will go
anywhere to help poor struggling people. I would go on an errand to Hell,
if the Lord would promise me that the Devil should not keep me there.'

In one of these last days she sent a dying message to the Officers. 'Tell
them,' she said, 'that the only consolation for a Salvationist on his
death-bed is to have been a soul-winner. After all my labours I feel I
have come far short of the prize of my high calling. Beseech them to
redeem their time, for we can do but little at the best.'

A little maid who was a Candidate came into Mrs. Booth's sick-room once
as she was speaking, and she called her to her bedside, giving her
warning and counsel which every Corps Cadet can take as though spoken to
herself:--

'You will be finished with the dishes soon,' she said, 'and you are going
to be a Cadet. I have been very pleased with you while you have been
here, because you have worked out of sight with a good will, and I think
you will make a brave Officer. You will promise me, will you?' she said,
as she laid her trembling hand on the girl's head. 'Yes,' was the reply,
'I will,' amid stifled sobs.

'Give me a kiss, then,' said Mrs. Booth. 'Promise me that you will never
get spoiled by any unfaithful Officer. If you ever get mixed up with
such, do not hide it from Headquarters, but let them know about it, and
they will soon move the false away from you. I shan't be here; but, Oh!
may God help them to get rid of the wrong. Discernment of spirits! Oh,
why should we not have that gift back? It is very necessary.'

Mrs. Booth's whole heart was wrapped up in the spread of The Army, and
she was never more of a warrior than when fighting its battles. And The
Army needed some one to stand up for it in those days. We who live to-day
can hardly fancy the fierce, bitter persecution the early-day
Salvationists had to fight through.

Now, even those who dislike and despise us are forced to admit that 'The
Army does a great deal of good'; but then it was different, and again and
again, both by speech and writing, Mrs. Booth had to defend and stand up
for our methods.

'I would not,' she says, after she had spoken too plainly for some rich
people who were offended at her words, 'sit down and listen to their
abuse of The Salvation Army for all their money. But I did not say a word
that I would object to have published upon the housetops. Such, however,
is often the spirit of the rich. They think that one must sit and hear
whatever they may choose to say, and hold one's breath, because of their
money! But, no, I will never be dumb before a golden idol!'

She loved the Uniform: she herself planned that worn by Army women, and
always wore her own, rejoicing to be able to give to our people a way of
escape from the fashions and extravagances of the world.

She loved the Flag, and was true to its beautiful meaning. She loved to
present Colours to the newly-opened Corps, or to parties of Officers
going abroad; and when, shortly before she passed away, she changed her
room, she begged that the dear Army Flag might be brought in and hung
above her bed.

'There,' said The General, 'the Colours are over you now, my darling.'

And she clasped them fondly with her left hand, and traced the
motto--'Blood and Fire.'

'Yes,' she said, 'Blood and Fire; that is just what my life has been--a
constant and severe fight.'

'It ought to be "Blood and Fire and Victory,"' said The General.

'I'll fight on till I get it,' she answered. 'I won't give in. Next time
I see them I shall be above the pain and sorrow for ever.'

But, though at the last she longed to be at rest, it was not easy for her
great mother's heart to unloose itself from those she loved, and from the
thousands in all lands who looked to her as to a mother.

If you have learnt to love very deeply you will also have to suffer, and
her very love made the parting so difficult.

'Oh,' she exclaimed, when speaking of leaving The General and her
children, 'mine is such a heart! it seems as if it had got roots all
round the world clutching on to one and another, and that it will not let
them go! And yet You can take care of them, Lord, better than I could. I
do, I do believe! O Eternal Father, Shepherd of the sheep, do Thou look
after my little flock!'

'Amen,' we who read these lines may say; adding to her prayer, 'And give
us that same heart and love which made her life of such mighty power.'




X

THE WARRIOR



'Fighting is hard work, whatever sort of fighting it is. You cannot fight
without wounds of body, heart, or soul.'--MRS. BOOTH.

'Lastly,' said The General in that same beautiful tribute to our Army
Mother that I have already quoted from,' she was a _warrior_. She
liked the fight. She was not one who said to others, "Go," but "Here, let
_me_ go"; and when there was the necessity she said, "I _will_
go!" I never knew her flinch until her poor body compelled her to lie on
one side.'

Our Army Mother was, indeed, before all things a warrior; she fought
bravely and unceasingly her whole life through.

In thought and purpose she was independent, and dared to stand out for
what she felt right. Cowardice, in her opinion, was one of the commonest
and most subtle sins of the day, and she had no patience with those who
dared not say 'No,' and feared to stand alone.

She thought for herself, and though always eager to hear and learn as
much as possible from others, yet she was not carried away by their
opinions, but carefully weighed and considered their arguments, and then
formed her own judgments.

Mrs. Booth strove earnestly for doctrine.

'Let us take care,' she said, in The Army's early days, 'what Gospel we
preach. Let us mind our doctrine.'

And again:--

'We must stick to the form of sound words, for there is more in it than
appears on the surface. "Glory be to the Father, to the Son, and the Holy
Ghost," was the theology of our forefathers, and I am suspicious of all
attempts to mend it.'

And once more:--

'Let us beware of wrong doctrine, come through whomsoever it may. Holy
men make sad mistakes. "Well, but," say some, "is not a person who holds
wrong views with a right heart better than a person with right views and
a wrong heart?" Yes, so far as his personal state before God is
concerned, but not in his influence on man. My charity must extend to
those likely to be deceived or ruined by his doctrines as well as to
him.'

Mrs. Booth's whole life was a continual fight against sin--sin of all
kinds. Whether her Meeting was held for the very lowest and roughest, or
whether rows of clergy and lawyers, and lords and ladies sat to listen,
it made no difference to her. She attacked sin, and went straight at the
very heart-sins of the people in front of her.

'We need great grace,' she says in the midst of her wonderful West-End
campaign, where even princes and princesses came to hear her. 'I think
the Lord never enabled me to be more plain and faithful. As a lady in
high circles said to me, "We never heard this sort of Gospel before." No,
poor things, they are sadly deceived.'

Drink, too, was another evil which Mrs. Booth fought against during the
whole of her life. She began, as you remember, when a girl by being
secretary of the 'Band of Love' of those days.

In the early days of their engagement The General was strongly advised to
take a little wine for the sake of his health. Our Army Mother wrote him
a long letter, showing him how false and foolish such advice was, and
ending with:--

'I have had it recommended to me scores of times, but I am fully and for
ever settled on the physical side of the question. [Footnote: That means
taking it for the sake of health.--ED.]

'It is a subject on which I am most anxious you should be thorough. I
have far more hope for your health _because_ you abstain, than I
should if you took wine. Flee the detestable thing as you would a
serpent; be a teetotaller in principle and practice.'

Though, as we have seen, full of boundless faith and pity for the
drunkard, Mrs. Booth attacked the makers and sellers of drink
unmercifully. She says, on one occasion:--

'By your peace of conscience on a dying bed; by the eternal destinies of
your children, by your care for never-dying souls; by the love you owe
your Saviour, I beseech you _banish the drink_.

'Tell me no more of charity towards brewers, distillers, and publicans.
Your false charity to these has already consigned millions to an untimely
Hell!... Arise, Christians, arise, and fight this foe! You and you alone
are able, for your God will fight for you!'

Another thing for which our Army Mother fought, and which to-day we owe
in great measure to her efforts, is the position to which women have been
lifted as speakers and teachers in God's work. She first, as we have
seen, opened the way herself; and then she left it open, encouraging and
helping tens of thousands of simple, holy women all round the world to
follow in her steps.

She had a tough battle to wage. All classes wrote and spoke against women
being allowed to stand and speak for God in the open air or in public
halls; but, strong in faith and courage, convinced that she had Divine
authority for what she did, our Army Mother fought on, arguing, writing,
preaching on the matter. Now to-day there is scarcely a land where The
Army bonnet is not known and loved, nor where Army women cannot gain a
crowd of respectful listeners.

Now I am going to show you some of the hindrances in spite of which our
Army Mother fought on.

The first of these hindrances was the burden which God allowed Mrs. Booth
to carry all through her life--a weak and suffering body. She said, when
her life was drawing to its close, that suffering seemed to have been her
special lot, and that she could scarcely remember a day in her life when
she had been wholly free from pain.

'I don't care about my body,' she exclaimed when lying in her last
illness. 'It has been a poor old troublesome affair. I shall be glad for
it to be sealed up. It is time it was. Oh, I have dragged it wearily
about.'

Most women suffering as she did, with a weak spine, heart disease, and
over-strained nerves, would have lived the life of an invalid. But the
warrior spirit within forced her body along. Scores of times she has gone
from her bed to the Meeting, and then, exhausted and fainting with the
effort, has had to be almost carried home. But she had done her work, and
sent the arrow of conviction into hundreds of hearts.

Writing after one special strain of work and anxiety, she says:--

'The excitement made me worse than I have been for two years. My heart
was really alarming, and for two days I could hardly bear any clothes to
touch me. This has disheartened me again as to my condition. But God
reigns, and He will keep me alive as long as He needs me.'

Another of her hindrances, and one which was almost more difficult to
overcome than weakness of body, was depression.

I wonder if you know what that is? If so, it will help you to realize
that Mrs. Booth had to fight it also.

The Devil seemed allowed to try and test her faith to the uttermost, and
at times to blot out all peace and glory from her soul. During one such
time of darkness she writes:--

'I know I ought not, of all saints, or sinners either, to be depressed. I
know it dishonours my Lord, grieves His Spirit, and injures me greatly;
and I would fain hide from everybody to prevent their seeing it. But I
cannot help it. I have struggled hard, more than any one knows, for a
long time against it. Sometimes I have literally held myself, head and
heart and hand, and waited for the floods to pass over me.'

But our Army Mother did not give up working for God, and sit down in
despair, because she was thus tried. One day, just before leaving for a
great West-End Meeting, in which God made her words as a sharp two-edged
sword, she wrote this to one of her children:--

'I have been very much depressed since you left--more so than usual. It
is of no use reasoning with myself when these fits of despondency are on
me. I must hold on and fight my passage through; and when I get to Heaven
the light and joy will be all the greater. If I dared give up working I
should do so a hundred times over; but I _dare_ not.'

Another and constant hindrance which our Army Mother had to fight for the
greater part of her life was poverty. It was so difficult, many times, to
make two ends meet. She had, during many years of her life, no regular
money coming in on which to depend, and during that time it was a
constant struggle to have her children properly cared for and give them
the needed education.

But most of all did our Army Mother show herself a warrior in her own
Salvation campaigns. In those early days there were no praying Soldiers
and Sergeants to be had to deal with the penitents--no one, either, to
lead her singing, scarcely even to keep the doors or take up the
collection. She would arrive in a town absolutely alone. A hall had been
taken in which she was to speak, and she would hire a tiny lodging, or
stay in whatever home would receive her, and set to work. We can scarcely
understand the loneliness of her position. Here was a proof of her mighty
faith in God.

She began these solitary campaigns when her sixth child was but a few
weeks old, and God most wonderfully owned her labours. At one place she
saw one hundred grown-up people and two hundred children come to her
penitent-form in six days. But it was a fearful battle.

'I have a comfortable little cot to stay in,' she writes to her mother
from one such battle-field, 'very small and humble; but it is clean and
quiet; and when I feel nervous no one knows the value of quietness. I
have felt it hard work lately. Many a time have I longed to be where the
weary are at rest.'

At Margate, some years later, she commenced her Meetings without knowing
a single person in the place. For some weeks she had not even a helper in
the Prayer Meetings, nor one who would give out a song for her. Mrs.
Booth could not sing herself, and there was often an awkward pause before
any one would be willing to pitch her tune. 'If only,' she said when The
Army was fairly on its feet, 'I had been able to command a dozen reliable
people such as I could have anywhere now, I think I could have done
almost anything.'

Even more wonderful was her experience at Brighton.

The Dome, a great building holding three thousand people, had been taken
for her Meetings.

'I can never forget my feelings,' says this Soldier-saint, 'as I stood
upon the platform and looked upon the people, realizing that among them
all there was no one to help me. When I commenced the Prayer Meeting, for
which I should think quite nine hundred remained, Satan said to me, as I
came down from the platform according to my custom, "You will never ask
such people as these to come and kneel down here? You will only make a
fool of yourself if you do." I felt stunned for a moment; but I answered,
"Yes, I shall. I shall not make it any easier for them than for the
others. If they do not realize their sins enough to be willing to come
and kneel here, they will not be of much use to the kingdom."'

The Lord set His seal upon Mrs. Booth's faith and courage, for the first
to volunteer were two old gentlemen, both over seventy years of age; and
she had ten or twelve at the mercy-seat before the Meeting ended.

Writing from Portsmouth, she tells the same story of loneliness and
victory:--

'You say, "How do you get on personally?" Oh, I never was so hampered for
help in every way in all my life! The most able man I have keeps a
milliner's shop, and the one that opens for me generally is an overseer;
so their attention is divided and the time limited. Pray for me. I never
needed your prayers so much. This is a dreadfully wicked place.'

Yet during the seventeen weeks of her stay some six hundred names were
taken, many of them wonderful trophies of God's mercy.

Having lived such a warrior's life, you think, very likely, that the
death-bed experience of our Army Mother would be all peace and glory. But
no. Right down into the Valley she needed to use the Sword of the Spirit
and the Shield of Faith, for to the last Satan was allowed to test and
try her.

But she fought on!

'One of my hardest lessons,' she said in her last hours, 'has been the
difference between faith and realization; and if I have had to conquer
all through life by naked faith, I can only expect it to be the same now.
All our enemies have to be conquered by _faith_, not realization;
and is it not so with the last enemy, death? Yes, if it please the Lord
that I should go down into the dark valley without any realization,
simply knowing that I am His, and He is mine, I am quite willing--I
accept it.'

This is the faith that made our Army Mother and all the Bible saints such
conquerors. It is the secret of their victory--the faith without which it
is impossible to please God, and for which we all need to pray, 'Lord,
increase our faith.'




XI

LAST DAYS



'As I look back on life I do not remember the houses I have lived in, the
people that I have known, the things of passing interest at the moment.
They are all gone. There is nothing stands out before my mind as of any
consequence, but the work I have done for God and Eternity.'--MRS.
BOOTH.

If The General and those who loved our Army Mother best had been able to
choose for her, they would most likely have said: 'Let her live and fight
and work on, up to within a few days of her promotion to Glory. Let the
call come quickly and painlessly, as it has come to others in our ranks.'

But the Lord, who loved her more than we did, saw fit to send to her two
and a half years of ever-increasing weariness and suffering. For long
months she lay on the very bank of the River, longing for the messenger
of Death to carry her across. Those who loved her could not tell why the
Lord sent her this last fiery trial; they could only bow with her, and
say, 'Thy will be done.'

It was in February, 1888, that Mrs. Booth, who was anxious about her
health, went to consult a great doctor and get his opinion. She was
alone, for no one had thought her illness was so serious. She asked him
to tell her the truth--all through her life, as you know, she wanted the
truth; and after a little hesitation he told her.

The truth was the saddest that she could hear. That dreadful
illness--cancer--through which she had so tenderly nursed her own dear
mother, had come to her, and in the doctor's opinion she had much
suffering to pass through, and only two or, at the most, three years
longer to live. Mrs. Booth listened calmly, thanked the doctor, and
then, getting once more into the cab, drove home all alone.

It was a dark journey. The War needed her. The General needed her. Her
children needed her. And yet the sentence of Death had been passed upon
her, and she must soon leave them all. What did she do? I think you can
guess.

She knelt down in the cab, and in prayer committed to God, in a new and
deeper way than ever before, her own body, and her dear ones and the work
He had given her to do.

At last the cab stopped before her own door, and The General came out to
meet her.

'I shall never forget that meeting in this world, or the next,' he says.
'I had been watching for the cab, and had run out to meet her and help
her up the steps. She tried to smile on me through her tears; but,
drawing me into the room, soon told me, bit by bit, what the doctor had
said. I sat down speechless. She rose from her seat, and came and knelt
beside me, saying: "Do you know what was my first thought? That I should
not be there to nurse you in your last hour."

'I was stunned. I felt as if the whole world were coming to a standstill.
Opposite me, on the wall, was a picture of Christ on the cross. I thought
I could understand it then, as never before. She talked to me like an
angel; she talked as she had never talked before. I could say little or
nothing. I could only kneel with her and try to pray. That very same
night The General was to leave London for some great Meetings in Holland,
and Mrs. Booth would not hear of his changing his plans and remaining
with her.

'The War must go on' was her thought, even when all her family stood
stunned and heart-broken around her, unwilling to leave her even for a
moment.

Two years later, when but a few more days of suffering remained to her, a
last message from her lips reached us as Self-Denial Week began. 'The War
must go on' was one of its sentences.

'The War must go on' had been as her motto, lived out in all the long,
long months that lay between. Instead of immediately laying aside her
work, when the doctors gave their dreadful judgment, and beginning to
think only of herself, she went on with it as long as her increasing
weakness allowed.

But step by step the disease grew worse. First she was forced to give up
Meetings and public work. Then it became impossible for her to use her
right hand, and she was therefore obliged to give up her correspondence,
though she still continued to dictate her letters, and learnt also to
write with her left hand.

Soon her daily drives became too tiring, and by and by she went out of
the house into the little garden for the last time; and then for the
concluding twelve months of her life she was a prisoner in her room,
lying in constant suffering.

But during these long months the greatest joy and relief that could come
to her was to hear of some fresh victory or triumph for the Kingdom of
Jesus. Her interest in The Army and her love for the people were as keen
as ever, and War Councils were held and new developments planned in her
chamber, and much of The General's Darkest England Scheme for the poor
and outcast was thought out and decided upon beside her sick bed.

Again and again, too, Mrs. Booth would receive deputations of Officers of
different classes and from various countries in which The Army was at
work, who came to Clacton-on-Sea, where the last fifteen months of her
life were spent, to listen to her words of advice and inspiration.

There were no Corps Cadets in those days; but our Army Mother left some
specially beautiful words about the Juniors, to which I must refer.

When she was told by the Officer then in charge of our Junior Work in
England that the children loved and prayed continually for her, she
smiled.

'The thought of the little ones,' says some one who was there, 'brought
our beloved Army Mother wholly out of herself and her pain and
weariness.'

'A very choice branch of the work,' she said. 'I have often told Emma
that I hoped when I was too old for public work God would let me end
where I began--with the children. But it seems that it is not to be so.'

'Give the children,' she went on, in reply to the messages they had sent,
'my dear love, and tell them that if there had been a Salvation Army when
I was ten I should have been a Soldier then, as I am to-day.

Never allow yourself to be discouraged in your work. I know you must meet
with many discouragements; but I am sure the Spirit of God works mightily
on little children long before grown people think they are able to
understand.'

Again and again during that last year of awful suffering it seemed as if
Mrs. Booth were about to leave us; but then she would revive, and come
back to endure more weeks and months of agony.

But at last, on October 4, 1890, all could see that she was on the brink
of the River, and even those who loved her the most tenderly could not
wish to hold her back.

'O Emma, let me go, darling,' she whispered; and hearing the reply, 'Yes,
we will, we will,' she said, 'Now! Yes, Lord, come, Oh, come!'

The singing of The Army songs seemed to comfort her; and once she raised
her suffering arm, and pointed to the text, '_My grace is sufficient
for thee_,' which hung on the wall. It was lifted down and placed at
the foot of her bed, so that her eyes could often rest on it during those
last hours.

'Soon after noon,' says the present General, 'I felt that the deepening
darkness of the Valley was closing around my dear mother, and a little
later I took my last farewell. Her lips moved, and she gave me one look
of unspeakable tenderness and trust which will live with me for ever.
Again we sang:--

  My mistakes His free grace doth cover,
    My sins He doth wash away;
  These feet which shrink and falter
    Shall enter the Gates of Day.

And, holding her hand, The General gave her up to God. It was a solemn
and wonderful scene.'

The Chief of the Staff and Mrs. Bramwell Booth, Mrs. Booth-Tucker, and
the Commander, and her three daughters, Marian, Eva, and Lucy, knelt
round the bed, upon which were placed photographs of the other members of
her family who were unavoidably absent. Near to her stood her faithful
nurse, Captain Carr, and others of the household, the dear General bowing
over his beloved wife and companion in life's long strife, and giving her
up to the keeping of the Father.

One by one the members of the family tenderly embraced her; then a gleam
of recognition passed over the brightening countenance as The General
bent over her. Their eyes met---the last kiss of love on earth, the last
word till the Morning, and without a movement the breathing gently
ceased, and a warrior laid down her sword to receive her crown.

       *       *       *       *       *

You may have heard of those wonderful days from Tuesday morning till
Sunday night, when the coffin containing the precious remains of our Army
Mother lay at the Congress Hall, Clapton, and when more than fifty
thousand people came to have a last look at her dear face.

A piece of glass had been let into the plain oak coffin. It was just
large enough to show the head and shoulders, and she lay as if in a sweet
sleep.

You wonder if many came merely from curiosity. Some did, of course, but
most of the people came because her life and example and words had been
so blessed to their souls; and they came as they would come to look at
the dead face of their own mother. It was the most wonderful tribute to a
woman's life and words that London had ever seen.

For all kinds of people came--rich and poor, good and bad, people of many
different religions, and many with no religion at all. Working men came
in their dinner-hour, with their tools on their backs and tears in their
eyes; mothers lifted up their little children to look at the one who had
taught them the way of life; and, best of all, by the side of her coffin
knelt many a wanderer and backslider to give themselves afresh to God.

More than one poor girl went direct from the Congress Hall to the Rescue
Homes, to begin to live 'as she would have wished'; and the Cadets on
guard were all the time dealing with drunkards and helping those who
desired to begin from thenceforth to live a new and different life.

Even to-day, twenty-four years later, we often meet those who date their
conversion, or their first step in the Narrow Way, from their look at
that face lying in its simple coffin.

One of Mrs. Booth's own grandchildren, Mary, the present General's second
daughter, looks back to that scene as the time when God in an
unmistakable manner sealed her as His. She was only five years old as she
knelt by the coffin, but nevertheless she decided there, in her childish
consecration, like Ruth of old, that 'Thy people shall be my people, and
thy God my God'; and in the spirit of this consecration she lives to-day.

       *       *       *       *       *

In order that some of the crowds who wished to share in the funeral
service might be present, the largest hall in London, the Olympia, was
taken. Twenty-six thousand people filled it; and though it was, of
course, impossible for them all to hear, they followed the service given
on printed papers with reverent sympathy.

The coffin was carried down the immense hall by Officers; The General and
his family followed.

Those who arranged for this last mighty gathering remembered that Mrs.
Booth, when with us, was never happy to leave a Meeting unless it had
been brought to a point, and something definite had been done; and
therefore, when the songs and prayers and readings were over, the huge
crowd was asked to kneel and make a solemn covenant with God.

It was a beautiful covenant, and ended with these words:--

'And now, in this solemn hour, and in the presence of death, I come again
to Thy footstool, and make this covenant with Thee.'

Then all who had made the covenant from their hearts rose and sang
together:--

  Just as I am Thou dost receive,
  Dost welcome, pardon, cleanse, relieve,
  Because Thy promise I believe,
  O Lamb of God, I come!

It was just such an ending to the wonderful service as our Army Mother
would have chosen had she been still on earth with us.

       *       *       *       *       *

The next morning was dry and bright. 'I shall ask God to give you a fine
day for my funeral, Emma, so that you mayn't take cold,' our Army Mother
had said, for she was ever thoughtful for others; and her prayer was
answered, for though the white mist crept up from the river to the
Embankment, where the procession was forming up, there was no rain nor
wind.

Tens of thousands of our dear Soldiers would gladly have sacrificed a
day's work in order to follow in the funeral procession of one they so
dearly loved; but, so as not to gather too large a crowd, only Officers
were allowed in the march, which passed through countless throngs of
people from International Headquarters to Abney Park Cemetery, a distance
of about five miles.

All along the route the crowds stood in dense masses, and roofs, windows,
and every nook and corner were packed with human beings. Nothing had been
seen like it, said the police, since the Duke of Wellington's funeral,
forty years before.

It was a wonderful march. I wish you could have seen it! Sometimes it
seemed as if every one was weeping; and when the open hearse, with its
plain oak coffin, crowned by The Army bonnet and well-worn Bible, passed,
all heads were bared, all voices hushed, and tears filled all eyes.

The General, standing alone in his open carriage all along the long, sad
way, must have felt that he had the people's sympathy and love with him
in his grief, for scores of heartfelt 'God bless you's!' came from lips
that are unused to such words.

And at last the yellow evening sun shone out as the great procession
reached the gates of Abney Park Cemetery and wound towards the open
grave.

Only a part of the mighty throng could hear The General's beautiful
words, so strong and yet so tender, from which I have already quoted, but
all joined in the song, 'Rock of Ages,' which seemed to roll up to the
heavens themselves.

Several leading Officers and members of The General's own family prayed
and spoke, wonderfully upheld in spite of their deep grief and the strain
of the last days. And then by the open grave the present General led all
hearts to make a fresh consecration, the whole assembly promising, with
God's help, that they would be

'Faithful to Thee, faithful to one another, and faithful to a dying
world, till we meet our beloved Mother in the Morning. Amen.'

       *       *       *       *       *

If ever you are in Abney Park Cemetery you should visit her grave. It is
very simple. Around the little piece of earth runs a grey stone, with
these words carved on it:--

  CATHERINE BOOTH,

  MOTHER OF THE SALVATION ARMY

  More than Conqueror, through Him that loved us,
  and gave Himself for all the world and for you.

  Do you also follow Christ?

and above are two small beds of flowers.

Do many people go to see it? you wonder.

Oh, yes. All round it a path is worn in the grass, made by the tread of
many feet; for mothers bring their boys and girls to see it, and tell
them what a mother she was, and men and women of all creeds and races
pause beside it, and remember.

Many Officers, too--from distant lands, and speaking strange tongues you
could not understand--come to The Army Mother's grave when they visit our
shores. For she was their Mother as well as ours, they say.

They kneel beside the stone, and spell out the name, and then they
consecrate themselves afresh to God and the needs of the heathen lands,
and they claim His grace to follow in her steps.

For our Army Mother is not dead. True, her body lies in the quiet grave
at Abney Park, and her spirit is in Heaven; but her life and influence
still live among us, her words are treasured, and our greatest prayer and
desire for the girls and wives and mothers in our ranks is that they may
live to be worthy daughters of Catherine Booth.




DATES IN MRS. BOOTH'S LIFE



1829. January 17th. Catherine Mumford born at Ashbourne, Derby.
1829. April 10th. William Booth born at Nottingham.
1843. Catherine has to leave school owing to severe illness.
1844. Refuses to be engaged to her cousin.
1845. Is converted.
1846. Seems likely to go into consumption.
1850. Takes Sunday class of elder girls.
1851. June. Miss Mumford hears Mr. Booth preach; later meets him at a
      friend's house.
1852. May 15th. They are engaged to be married.
1855. June 16th. The wedding.
1857. Mrs. Booth speaks to a children's meeting on Temperance.
1859. She starts work among drunkards. She writes her first pamphlet on
      woman's right to preach.
1860. Mrs. Booth speaks for the first time in public.
1861. Mr. and Mrs. Booth break up their home in the north, and come to
      London, choosing an evangelistic life.
1864. Mrs. Booth begins to hold Evangelistic campaigns apart from her
      husband.
1864. July. East End Mission begun.
1868. First Headquarters established.
1869. Mrs. Booth's wonderful Brighton campaign.
1870. East London Mission becomes the 'Christian Mission.'
1871. Mrs. Booth publishes her first book.
1877. Christian Mission becomes 'The Salvation Army.'
1878. The uniform is chosen.
1886. First Self-Denial Week.
1888. February. Mrs. Booth learns that she is suffering from cancer.
1888. June 21st. Mrs. Booth speaks in public for the last time (at the
      City Temple).
1889. August. She goes to Clacton-on-Sea.
1890. October 4th. Mrs. Booth is promoted to Glory.
1890. October 6th. Her body brought to Congress Hall, Clapton.
1890. October 11th. Funeral at Abney Park.










End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Catherine Booth, by Mildred Duff

*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CATHERINE BOOTH ***

***** This file should be named 7125-8.txt or 7125-8.zip *****
This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
        http://www.gutenberg.org/7/1/2/7125/

Produced by Curtis A. Weyant, Charles Franks and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team.


Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
will be renamed.

Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
redistribution.



*** START: FULL LICENSE ***

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at
  www.gutenberg.org/license.


Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic works

1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works.  See paragraph 1.E below.

1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.

1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
States.

1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
copied or distributed:

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org

1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
1.E.9.

1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.

1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.

1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
Gutenberg-tm License.

1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
that

- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."

- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
     License.  You must require such a user to return or
     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
     Project Gutenberg-tm works.

- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
     of receipt of the work.

- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.

1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.

1.F.

1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
your equipment.

1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGE.

1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
opportunities to fix the problem.

1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO OTHER
WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.

1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.


Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm

Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org


Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation

The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
number is 64-6221541.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.

The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at 809
North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887.  Email
contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the
Foundation's web site and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact

For additional contact information:
     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
     Chief Executive and Director
     gbnewby@pglaf.org

Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation

Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations.
To donate, please visit:  www.gutenberg.org/donate


Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works.

Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
with anyone.  For forty years, he produced and distributed Project
Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.

Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.

Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:

     www.gutenberg.org

This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.