The Project Gutenberg EBook of Xing Cha Sheng Lan, by Xin Fei This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: Xing Cha Sheng Lan Author: Xin Fei Release Date: December 23, 2007 [EBook #23982] Language: Chinese Character set encoding: UTF-8 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK XING CHA SHENG LAN *** Produced by Jun-Bi Lai ○目錄 　　自永樂七年己丑，至宣德八年癸丑止，累從欽差正使太監鄭和等往西洋各國 開讀賞賜。凡在公餘之暇，採輯諸番風俗、人物、土產之異，集成事序，詠其詩 篇。 　　真臘國 東西竺 淡洋 龍牙門 　　龍牙善提 吉里地悶 彭坑 琉球國 　　三島國 麻逸國 假里馬丁國 重迦邏 　　淳泥國 蘇祿國 大㖵喃國 阿丹國 　　佐法兒國 竹步國 木骨都束國 溜洋國 　　卜剌哇國 天方國 ○真臘國 　　其國州南之門，為都會之所，有城周圍七十餘里，石河廣二十餘丈，殿宇三 十餘所。凡歲時一會，則列玉猿、孔雀、白象、犀牛於前，名曰百塔洲。次桑香 佛舍，飲饌必以金盤金碗盛食之。諺云：「富貴真臘也。」氣候常熱，田禾豐足 。煮海為鹽，風俗富饒。男女椎髻，穿短衫而圍稍布。法有劓、刺、配，犯盜則 斷手足，番人殺唐人則償其命，唐人殺番人則罰其金，無金賣身贖罪。地產黃臘 、犀、象、孔雀、沉香、蘇木、大風子油、翠毛。貨用金銀、燒珠、錦段、絲布 之屬。　　 詩曰：真臘山岡遠，荒城傍海涯。獸禽多彩麗，人物好奢華。列塔為 奇異，羅盤逞禮儀。夷風聊可採，吟詠感明時。 　　 ○東西竺（其山與龍牙門相望） 　　山形分對崖峨，若蓬萊方丈之幽。田瘠不宜稼穡，歲藉鄰邦淡洋米穀以為食 。氣候不齊，煮海為鹽，釀椰子為酒。男女斷髮，繫稍布。地產檳榔、木綿、椰 心簟。貨用花錫、胡椒、鐵器也。　　詩曰：東西分海境，民物異於常。果啖檳 榔實，酒傾椰子漿。貿椒知價值，織簟貨經商。動我遐觀意，吟哦記短章。　　 淡洋（其處與阿魯山相連，去滿剌迦三日之程）　　山繞周圍，有港通內大溪， 深汪洋二千餘里，奔流出海之中。一流清淡，味甘，舟人過往汲水日用，名曰淡 洋。田肥禾盛，米粒小，然炊飯甚香。地產降香。民俗淳厚，氣候常熱。男女椎 髻，腰圍稍布。貨用金銀、鐵器、磁碗之屬。　　詩曰：清流甘且淡，奔出海中 央。畎畝饒滋味，舟人過汲漿。貿交金辟赤，米小飯炊香。民俗風淳厚，那知在 異方。　　○龍牙門（在三佛齊之西北也）　　山門相對，若龍牙狀，中通過船 。山涂田瘠，米穀甚厚。氣候常熱，四五月間淫雨。男女椎髻，穿短衫，圍稍布 。擄掠為豪，遇有番船，則駕小船百隻，迎敵數日。若得順風，僥倖而脫，否則 被其截，財被所劫。泛海之客，宜當謹防。　　 詩曰：山峻龍牙狀，中通水激湍 。居人為擄易，番舶往來難。人夏常多雨，經秋且不寒。從容陪使節，到此得游 觀。 　　 ○龍牙善提 　　周還皆山石排壘門，無田耕種，但栽薯蕷代糧，常熟，收堆以供歲月。氣候 多熱少寒，俗樸而淳。男女椎髻，披木綿布。煮海為鹽，浸苧麻根以釀酒。地產 速香、檳榔、椰子。貨用燒珠、鐵鼎、色布之屬。　　 詩曰：壘石為門限，天生 在海洋。稻粱全不種，薯蕷亦多藏。海水煎鹽白，麻根釀酒香。雖云風俗樸，氣 候有炎涼。　　 ○吉里地悶 　　居重迦邏之東。滿山茂林，皆檀香樹，無別產。馬頭商聚十二所。有酋長， 田肥穀盛。氣候朝熱暮寒。凡其商船染病，十死八九，蓋其地甚瘴氣。男女斷髮 ，穿短衫。貨用金錢、鐵器、磁碗之屬。　　 詩曰：吉里東南海，居人臥飽餐。田肥時有穀，朝熱暮生寒。涉險商求利，聞香 木種檀。短衫常覆體，形醜不堪觀 。 　　 ○彭坑國（在暹邏之西） 　　石崖周匝崎嶇，遠如平寨。田沃，米穀盛。氣候常溫。風俗尚怪，刻香木為 神，殺人血祭禱，求福禳災。男女椎髻，穿長衫，繫單布，富家女子金圈四五飾 於頂髮，常人五色珠圈。煮海為鹽，釀椰漿為酒。地產黃熟香、沉香、片腦、花 錫、降香。貨用金銀、色絹、爪哇布、銅鐵器、鼓板之屬。　　 詩曰：嗟彼彭坑國，溫和總是春。傷生在求福，刻木慣為神。尊敬惟從長，差科 不到民。焉知施禮樂，立教序彝倫。 　　 ○琉球國 　　其處山形抱合而生，一山曰翠麓，一山曰大崎，一山曰斧頭，一山曰重曼， 高聳叢林。田沃穀盛，氣候常熱，男女以花印布大袖衫連褲穿之。其酋長尊禮， 不科民下，人皆效法。釀甘蔗為酒，煮海為鹽。能習讀中國書，好古畫、銅器， 作詩效唐體。地產沙金、硫黃、黃臘。貨用珍珠、瑪瑙、磁碗之屬。　　 詩曰：翠靄是琉球，遐觀碧海浮。四山高對聳，一水遠長流。袖大復連▉，髮 鬆撮滿頭。土民崇詩禮，他處若能儔。 　　 ○三島國 　　其處與琉球大崎山之東鼎峙，有壘石層巒，民倚邊而居。田瘠少收，以網魚 於海，織布為業。俗尚樸質。男生拳髮，婦女椎髻，單布披之為衣，不解裁縫。 凡男子得附舶至中國，然罄其資，身歸本處，鄉人稱為能事，尊之有德，父兄皆 贊焉。煮海為鹽，釀蔗漿為酒。地產黃臘、木綿布。貨用金銀、磁器、鐵塊之屬 。　　 詩曰：幽然三島國，花木茂常春。氣質尤宜樸，裳衣不解紉。游歸名贊德 ，賀禮酒頻傾。採吟荒嶠外，得句自逡巡。 　　 ○麻逸國（在交欄山之西） 　　山勢峻，地平寬，夾溪聚居。氣候稍熱。男女椎髻，穿長衫，圍色布手巾。 田多膏腴，倍收他國。俗尚節義，婦喪其夫，則削髮碎面，絕食七日，與夫屍同 寢，多與並逝矣。七日之外不死，則親戚勸以飲食，或得蘇命，乃終身不再嫁矣 。或至焚夫屍日，則赴火而死，蓋其節義之不改也。煮海為鹽，釀蔗為酒。地產 木綿、黃臘、玳瑁、檳榔、花布。貨用銅鼎、鐵塊、五色布絹之屬。 　　詩曰：美哉麻逸國，山峻地寬平。尚節心無異，耕田穀倍登。檳榔資咀嚼， 玳瑁照晶熒。布染花生彩，糖香酒自清。溪濤含蕩漾，海日上高明。蠻土知仁化 ，夷民禮義行。 　　 ○假里馬丁國（其地與交欄山相望海洋中） 　　其地山列翠屏，溪田雖有，米穀少收。氣候常熱。俗甚囂薄。男女髡髮，竹 布為衣。種芭蕉，採其實以代粱。煮海為鹽，釀蔗為酒。地產玳瑁、羖羊。貨用 爪哇布、燒珠、印花布之屬。　　詩曰：假里山環翠，民風醜不知。羖羊行作隊 ，玳瑁最為奇。答應呢喃語，生成囂薄姿。田收佳穀少，熱候不相宜。 　　 ○重迦邏 　　其地與爪哇界相接。高山奇秀，滿山皆鹽敷樹及楠樹。內有一石洞，前後三 門，可容一二萬人。田穀亞於爪哇，氣候常暑。俗淳，男女撮髻，穿長衫，圍摺 布手巾。無酋長，以尊年高有德者主之。煮海為鹽，釀秫為酒。地產羖羊、鸚鵡 、木綿、椰子、綿紗。貨用花銀、花絹。其處山約去數日水程，曰孫陀羅、曰琵 琶拖、曰丹重、曰圓嶠、曰彭里，不事耕種，專尚寇掠，與吉陀、亞崎諸國相通 ，商舶少能至也。 　　詩曰：迦邏山奇秀，修程接爪哇。洞深通窈窕，髻撮甚欹斜。齒長惟尊德， 綿多吐細花。如何不耕種，寇掠作生涯。 　　 ○渤泥國 　　龍山磅礴，地宇橫廣，源田種植，豐登甚利。氣候及夏稍寒，冬月極熱。俗 好奢侈，男女一般椎髻，五綵帛繫腰，花布為衫。其國之民崇佛像，好齋沐。凡 見唐人至其國，甚有愛敬，路有醉者，則扶歸家寢宿，以禮待之若故舊。煮海為 鹽，釀秫為酒。酋長之用，不斂民物，生理自如。地產降香、黃臘、玳瑁、片腦 。貨用白銀、赤金、色段、牙箱、鐵器之屬。 　　詩曰：渤泥滄海外，立國自何年。夏冷冬生熱，山盤地自偏。積修崇佛教， 扶醉待賓賢。取信通商舶，遺風事可傳。 　　 ○蘇祿國 　　居東海之洋，石奇堡障，山涂田瘠，種植稀簿。民下捕魚蝦生啖，螺蛤煮食 。男女斷髮，頭纏皂縵，腰圍水印花布。俗尚鄙陋。煮海為鹽，釀蔗為酒。織竹 布，採珍珠，色白絕品，珠有徑寸者，已值七八百錠，中者二三百錠。永樂十六 年，其酋長感慕聖恩，乃挈妻攜子涉海來朝，進獻巨珠一顆，重七兩伍錢，罕古 莫能有也。皇上大悅，加勞厚賜金印冠帶歸國。地產珍珠、降香、黃臘、玳瑁、 竹布。貨用金銀、八都剌布、青珠、磁器、鐵銚之屬。 　　詩曰：蘇祿分東海，居民幾萬家。丸烹圍水布，生啖愛魚蝦。徑寸珠圓潔， 行舟路去賒。獻珍朝玉闕，厚賜被光華。 　　 ○大㖵喃國 　　地與都攔礁相近，厥土黑壤，亦宜穀麥。居民懶事耕作，歲藉烏爹之米供食 。商舶風信到遲，則波濤激灘，乃載貨不滿，蓋以不敢停泊也。若風逆，則遇巫 里洋險阻之難矣，及防高郎阜沉水石之危。風俗頗淳。男女纏頭，穿長衫。地產 胡椒、椰子、海魚、檳榔。貨用金錢、青白花磁器、布段之屬。 　　詩曰：大㖵喃方險，都欄與結盟。土肥宜稻麥，民懶不耘耕。但有烏爹濟， 須防羅股驚。此邦風俗異，舟舶恣吟行。 　　 ○阿丹國 　　倚海而居，壘石為城，砌羅股石為屋，三四層高，廚房臥屋皆在其上。用粟 麥。風俗頗淳，民下富饒。男女拳髮，穿長衫。女若出，則用青紗蔽面，布縵兜 頭，不露形貌，兩耳垂金錢數枚，項掛瓔珞。地產九尾羖羊、千里駱駝、黑白花 驢、駝蹄雞、金錢豹。貨用金銀、色段、青白花磁、檀香、胡椒之屬。 　　詩曰：阿丹城廟石盤羅，黑色滋肥粟麥多。風俗頗淳民富貴，歲華常見日融 和。境無寸草千山接，羊有垂胸九尾拖。縱目採吟人物異，還歸稽首獻鑾坡。 　　 ○佐法兒國 　　臨海聚居，石城石屋，壘起高層三五者，若塔其上。田廣而少耕，山地皆黃 赤，不生草木，牛、羊、駝、馬惟食魚乾。男女拳髮，穿長衫。女人則以布兜頭 面，出見人也不露面貌。風俗頗淳。地產祖剌法、金錢豹、駝雞、乳香、龍涎香 。貨用金錢、檀香、米穀、胡椒、色段、絹、磁器之屬。 　　詩曰：佐法兒名國，周圍石累城。乳香多土產，穀米少收成。大海魚無限， 荒郊草絕生。採風吟異境，民物互經營。 　　 ○竹步國 　　村居寥落，地僻西方，城垣石壘，屋砌高堆。風俗頗有淳。草木不生。男女 拳髮，出以布兜。山荒地廣，而多無霖，絞車深井，捕網海魚。地產獅子、金錢 豹、駝雞有六七尺高者、龍涎香、乳香、金箔。貨用土珠、色段、色絹、金銀、 磁器、胡椒、米穀之屬。 　　詩曰：島夷名竹步，山赤見應愁。地旱無花草，郊荒有馬牛。短稍男掩膝， 單布女兜頭。縱目逢吟眺，蕭然一土丘。 　　 ○木骨都束國 　　瀕海之居，堆石為城，操兵習射，俗尚囂強。壘石為屋，四五層高，房屋廚 廁待客俱於上也。男女拳髮四垂，腰圍稍布。女髮盤，黃漆光頭，兩耳掛珞▉索 數枚。項帶銀圈，瓔珞垂胸。出則單布兜遮，青紗蔽面，足履皮鞋。山連地廣， 黃赤土石，不生草木，田瘠少收。數年無雨，穿井絞車，羊皮袋水。駝、馬、牛 、羊，皆食海魚之乾。地產乳香、金錢豹，海內採龍涎香。貨用金銀、色段、檀 香、米穀、磁器、色絹之屬。 　　詩曰：木骨名題異，山紅土色黃。久晴天不雨，歷歲地無糧。寶石連珠索， 龍涎及乳香。遙看風物異，得句喜成章。 　　 ○溜洋國 　　其中有溜山，有錫蘭山，別羅里起程南去，海中天巧，石門有三，遠遠如城 門，中過舶。溜山有八，曰沙溜、官嶼溜、壬不知溜、起來溜、麻里溪溜、加平 年溜、加加溜、安都里溜，皆人聚居，亦有主焉，而通商舶。其八處地產龍涎香 、乳香。貨用金銀、色段、色絹、磁器、米穀之屬。傳聞有三萬八千餘溜山，即 弱水三千之言也。亦有人聚，巢樹穴居。不識米穀，但捕海中魚蝦而食。裸形無 衣，惟結樹葉遮前後也。若商船因風落溜，人船不得復矣。 　　詩曰：溜山分且眾，弱水即相通。米穀何曾種，巢居亦自同。盤針能指侶， 商船慮狂風。結葉遮前後，裸形為始終。雖云瀛海外，難過石門中。歷覽吟成句 ，慇懃獻九重。 　　 ○卜剌哇國 　　傍海為國，居民聚落。地廣斥鹵，有鹽池，但投樹枝於池，良久撈起，結成 白鹽食用。無耕種之田，捕魚為業。男女拳髮，穿短衫，圍稍布。婦女兩耳帶金 錢，頂帶瓔珞。惟有蔥蒜，無瓜茄。風俗頗浮。居屋壘石，高起三五層者。地產 馬哈獸、花福祿、豹、麂、犀牛、沒藥、乳香、龍涎香、象牙、駱駝。貨用金銀 、段絹、米豆、磁器之屬。 　　詩曰：卜剌邦瀕海，無田種稻禾。樹枝投入沼，碱水結為▉差。自古瓜茄乏 ，從來蔥蒜多。異香兼異獸，感與一吟哦。 　　 ○天方國 　　地多曠漠，即古筠衝之地，名為西域。風景融和，四時之春也。田沃稻饒， 居民安業，風俗好善。有酋長，無事科擾於民，刑法之治，自然淳化。不生盜賊 ，上下和美。古置禮拜寺，見月初生，其酋長及民下悉皆拜天，以為一國之化， 餘無所施。其寺分為四方，每方九十間，共三百六十間。皆白玉為柱，黃甘玉為 地，中有黑石一片，方丈餘，曰漢初天降也。其寺層次高上，如塔之狀。男子穿 白長衫。地產金箔、寶石、珍珠、獅子、駱駝、祖剌法、豹、麂。馬八尺之高也 ，即為天馬也。貨用金銀、段疋、色絹、青白花器、鐵鼎、鐵銚之屬。乃日中不 市，至日落之後以為夜市，蓋其日色熱之故也。 　　詩曰：罕見天方國，遺風禮義長。存心恭后土，加額感穹蒼。玉殿臨西域， 山城接大荒。珍珠光彩潔，異獸貴馴良。日以安民業，晚來聚市商。景融禾稼盛 ，物阜草木香。尤念蒼生志，承恩覽遠邦。採詩雖句俗，誠意獻君王。 　　 ○占城國 　　永樂七年己丑，上命正使太監鄭和等統領官兵，駕使海船四十八號，往諸番 國開讀賞賜。是歲秋九月，自太倉劉家港開船，十月到福建長樂太平港泊。十二 月，福建五虎門開洋，張十二帆，順風十晝夜，至占城國。臨海有港曰新洲，西 抵交趾，北連中國。他番寶船到彼，其酋長頭戴三山金花冠，身披錦花手巾，臂 腿四腕，俱以金鐲，足穿玳瑁履，腰束八寶方帶，如妝塑金剛狀。乘象，前後擁 隨番兵五百餘，或執鋒刃短槍，或舞皮牌，捶善鼓，吹椰笛殼筒。其部領乘馬出 郊迎接詔賞，下象膝行，匍匐感沐天恩，奉貢方物。　　其國所產巨象、犀牛甚 多，所以象牙、犀角廣貿別國。棋楠香一山所產，酋長差人看守採取，民下不可 得，如有私偷賣者，露犯則斷其手。烏木、降香，民下樵而為薪。氣候常熱如夏 ，不見霜雪，草木長春，隨開隨謝。供民以煮海為鹽，田禾甚薄。其國之人，惟 食檳榔裹荖葉包蠣殼灰，行住坐臥不絕其口。月日之定，但看月生為初，月晦為 滿，如此十次盈虧為一歲，晝夜以善鼓十更為法。酋長及民下非至午不起，非至 子不睡。見月則飲酒歌舞為美。酋長所居高廣，屋宇門牆以磚灰▉砌，及堅硬之 木雕琢獸畜之形為華飾，外周磚垣。亦有城郭之備，練兵之具，藥鏃刀標之屬。 其部領所居，亦分等第，門高有限。民下編茅覆屋，門不過三尺，過者即罪之。 一國之食，魚不腐爛不食，釀不生蛆不為美。造酒以米和藥丸乾持入甕中，封固 如法收藏，日久其糟生蛆為佳醞。他日開封，用長節竹竿三四尺者，插入糟甕中 ，或圍坐五人十人，量人入水多寡，輪次吸竹引酒入口，吸盡再入水，若無味則 止，有味封留再用。　　歲時縱人採生人膽鬻官，其酋長或部領得膽入酒中，與 家人同飲，謂之曰通身是膽。相傳屍頭蠻者，本是婦人也，但無瞳人為異。其婦 與家人同寢，夜深飛頭而去，食人糞尖，飛回複合其體，仍活如舊。若知而封固 其項，或移體別處，則死矣。如有病者遇食其糞，妖氣入腹，病者必死。此婦人 亦罕有者，民家有而不報官者，罪及一家。番人愛其頭，或有觸弄其頭者，必有 生死之恨。　　男女椎髻腦後，花布纏頭，上穿短衫，腰圍色布手巾。其國無紙 筆之具，但將羊皮槌薄薰黑，削細竹為筆，蘸白灰為字，若蚯蚓委曲之狀。語言 燕鴻，全憑通事傳譯。 　　詩曰：聖運承天統，雍熙億萬春。元戎持使節，頒詔撫夷民。莫謂江山異， 同沾雨露新。西連交趾塞，北接廣南津。酋長尤崇禮，聞風感聖人。棋楠宜進貢 ，烏木伐為薪。筆寫羊皮紙，言談能舌人。角犀應自縱，牙象尚能馴。蛆酒奇堪 酌，屍蠻怪莫陳。遙觀光嶠外，頓覺壯懷伸。採摭裁詩句，摅誠獻紫宸。 　　 ○賓童龍國 　　其國隸與占城，山地接連。有雙谿澗，水澄清，佛書所云舍衛乞食，即其地 也。目連所居遺址尚存。人物、風土、草木、氣候，與占城大同小異。惟喪禮之 事，能持孝服，設佛事而度死者，擇僻地而葬之。婚姻遇合，情義不忘，終乖人 倫理。屍頭蠻者，比占城害之尤甚，民多置廟，牲血祭之求禳。酋長出入，或象 或馬，一如占城。王扮略同，從者前後有百餘人，執盾贊唱，曰亞曰僕。地產棋 楠香、象牙，貨用金銀、花布之屬。民下編茅覆屋而居，亦如占城。異其食啖行 止狀貌，可笑可嗟矣！ 　　詩曰：海嶠賓童國，雙溪水色清。目連生育處，佛氏乞游城。地窄居民少， 山多野獸鳴。氣融冰不識，日暖草叢生。喪禮微知孝，婚姻略備情。屍蠻嚐糞穢 ，妖廟祭犧牲。部領鳴鴉導，蠻酋坐象行。棋楠從土產，花布恁商營。搜緝遺風 俗，公餘仔細評。 　　 ○靈山 　　其處峻嶺而方，石泉下帶。民居星散，結網為業。田土肥，耕種一年二收。 氣候之節，男女之規，與占城大同小異。　　地產黑紋相對藤杖，每條易斗錫一 塊，若粗大而紋疏者，一錦易杖三條。次得檳榔、荖葉，餘無異物所產。其往來 販舶，必於此汲水採薪，以濟日用。舶人齋沐三日，崇佛諷經，燃放水燈彩船， 以禳人船之災。 　　詩曰：靈山方石嶺，其下有泉流。寥落民居少，豐登穀米稠。放燈祈佛福， 賽願便商舟。藤杖山中出，魚蝦海內求。梵經曾睹此，今日一遨遊。 　　 ○崑崙山 　　其山節然瀛海之中，與占城及東、西竺鼎峙相望。山高而方，根盤曠遠，海 之名曰崑崙洋。凡往西洋商販，必待順風，七晝夜可過。俗云：「上怕七洲，下 怕崑崙，針迷舵夫，人船莫存。」此山產無異物，人無居室，而食山果魚蝦，穴 居樹巢矣。 　　詩曰：鼎峙東西竺，節然瀛海區。惟愁針舵失，但念穴巢居。四季樹生果， 三餐蝦與魚。遐陬無別產，吟詠亦堪書。 　　 ○交欄山（自占城、靈山起程，順風十晝夜可到） 　　其山高而叢林藤竹，舵桿桅檣篷箬，無所不備。胡元之時，命將高興、史弼 領兵萬眾，駕巨舶往闍婆國，遭風至於交欄山下，其船多損。隨登此山，造船百 號，復征闍婆得勝，擒其酋長，四國是此知之。至今民居有中國人雜處，蓋此時 有病卒百餘留養不歸，而傳生育也。氣候常暑，米穀稀少，民好射獵為業。男女 椎髻，穿短衫，繫巫侖布。地產豹、熊、鹿皮、玳瑁。貿易之貨用米穀、五色絹 、青布、銅器、青碗之屬。 　　詩曰：岌業交欄島，叢林擁翠圍。三春稀黍稷，四景有災威。當腦盤髽髻， 披肩掛短衣。熊皮多美麗，玳瑁甚希奇。使節仍臨蒞，遺氓亦願歸。遙觀瞻山海 ，得句樂心機。 　　 ○暹羅國（自占城起程，順風十晝夜可至） 　　其國山形如城，白石峭峻厲。地周千里，外山崎嶇，內嶺深邃。田平而沃， 稼多豐熟，氣候常熱。風俗勁悍，專尚豪強，侵掠鄰境，削檳榔木為標，水牛皮 為牌，藥鍦等器，慣習水戰。男女椎髻，白布纏頭。穿長衫，腰束青花色布手巾 。其酋長及民下謀議，百物出入錢穀，煮海為鹽產。大小之事，悉決於婦，其男 一聽，可與牝雞之鳴。苟合無序，遇我中國男子愛之，必置酒致待而敬之，歡歌 留宿。婦人多為尼姑，道士皆能誦經持齋，服色略似中國之制，亦造庵觀之所。 已重喪禮之事，人死之時，必用水銀灌養其屍，而後擇高阜地，設佛事，即葬之 。釀蔗為酒，俗以海貝代錢，通行於市，每一萬個准中統鈔二十四貫。地產羅斛 香，焚極清遠，亞於沉香。次有蘇木、犀角、象牙、翠毛、黃臘、大風子油。貨 用青白磁器、花布、色絹、段匹、金銀、銅錢、燒珠、水銀、雨傘之屬。 　　詩曰：海外暹羅國，山形似壘城。三春花草盛，九夏稻禾榮。竟日男安坐， 移時婦決行。髻端羅布白，腰下束花青。失序人倫亂，無條禮法輕。富尊酋長貴 ，豪俠庶民橫。香翠通商販，海貝如鈔行。蠻戎欽帝德，金錶貢神京。 　　 ○爪哇國（自占城起程，順風二十晝夜可至其國） 　　古名闍婆，地廣人稠，實甲兵器械，乃為東洋諸番之衝要。舊傳鬼子魔天， 正於此地，與一罔象青面紅身赤髮相合。凡生子百餘，常食啖人血肉。佛書所云 鬼國，其中只此地也。人被啖幾盡，忽一日雷震石裂，中坐一人，眾稱異之，遂 為國主，即領兵驅逐罔象，而不為害。後復生齒而安業，乃至今國之移文，後書 一千三百七十六年。考之肇啟漢初，傳至我宣德七年。　　港口以入去馬頭曰新 村。居民環接，編茭樟葉覆屋，鋪店連行為市，買賣聚集。其國富饒，珍珠、金 銀、鴉鶻、貓睛、青紅等石、車渠、瑪瑙、荳蔻、蓽茇、梔子花、木香、青鹽， 無所不有，蓋在通商之處也。其鸚鵡、鸚鷊、孔雀，能馴言語歌曲。其倒掛鳥， 身如雀大，披五色羽，日間焚香於其傍，夜則張羽翼而倒掛，張尾翅而放香。 　　民俗好兇強，但生子一歲，則置刀於背，名曰不剌頭，以金銀象牙雕刻為靶 。凡男子自幼至老，貧富皆有，插於腰間。若有爭論，不通罵詈，即拔刀刺之， 強者為勝。設被殺之，藏躲三日而出去，即無事也。男子猱頭裸身，惟腰圍單帶 手巾。能飲酗酒，重財輕命。婦人亦然，惟項上金珠聯紉帶之，兩耳塞茭樟葉圈 於竅中。其喪事，凡其主翁之死，婢妾之眾而對誓曰：「死則同往。」臨殯之日 ，妻妾奴婢皆滿頭帶草花，披五色手巾，隨屍至海邊或野地，將屍於沙地，得眾 犬食盡為好。如食不盡，則悲泣號歌。柴堆於傍，眾婦坐其上，良久之際，縱火 燒柴而死，則殉葬之禮也。　　蘇魯馬益，亦一村地名也，為市聚貨商舶米糧港 口。有洲聚猢猻數百，傳聞於唐時，其家五百餘口，男婦兇惡，忽一日有僧至其 家，乃言吉凶之事，其僧取水噀之，俱化為獼猴，止留其老嫗不化。今存舊宅， 本處及商者常設飲食、檳榔、花果、肉類而祭之，不然，則禍福甚有驗也。此怪 誕之事，本不可記，尤可為之戒矣。　　杜板一村，亦地名也。海灘有水一泓， 甘淡可飲，稱曰聖水。元時使將史弼、高興因征其國，經月不下雨，舟中乏糧， 軍士失措。史、高二將拜天祝曰：「奉命伐蠻，如天與水即生，不與之則死。」 祝之，插槍碱苦海灘，其泉水隨槍湧出，水味甘甜，眾軍汲而飲之。乃令曰： 「天賜助爾。」兵威大振，喊聲奮殺，番兵百萬餘眾悉皆敗走。遂已登岸，隨殺 隨入，生擒番人煮而食之，至今稱為中國能食人也。獲囚酋長歸國，服罪放歸， 改封為爪哇國王也。欽遵我朝皇上，遣正使太監鄭和等，節該齎捧詔敕賞賜國王 、王妃，及其部領村主民下，草木咸受天福。其國王臣既沐天恩，遣使絡繹不停 ，擎捧金筒金葉表文，貢獻方物。 　　詩曰：古是闍婆國，曾遭鬼母殃。震雷驚石裂，深穴見人藏。歡忭皆知異， 扶持眾立王。人民從教化，罔象被驅亡。婦女誇家富，男兒縱酒強。鸚歌時刷翠 ，倒掛夜分香。婚娶吹椰殼，人隨御竹槍。田疇禾稼盛，商賈貨財昌。洲上獼猴 聚，溪邊祭祀忙。蠻夷遵聖詔，永世沐恩光。 　　 ○舊港（自爪哇國起程，順風八晝夜至） 　　古名三佛齊國。自港入去，田土甚肥，倍於他壤。古云：「一季種穀，三季 生金。」言其米穀盛而為金也，民故富饒。俗囂好淫。有操略，水戰甚慣。其處 水多地少，部領者皆在岸邊，居屋之用，匝民僕而宿，其餘民庶皆置木筏上，蓋 屋而居。若近溪船，以木樁拴閘，設其水漲，則筏浮起，不能湮沒也。或欲別居 ，起樁去之，連屋移拔，不勞其力。此處之民，爪哇所轄，風俗與爪哇大同小異 。地產黃熟香、速香、沉香、黃蠟並鶴頂之類。貨用燒煉五色珠、青白磁器、銅 鼎、五色布絹、色段、大小磁器、銅錢之屬。永樂三年，我朝太宗文皇帝命正使 太監鄭和等，統領舟師往諸番國。海寇陳祖義等聚三佛齊國，抄掠番商，亦來犯 我舟師，被我正使深機密策，若張網獲獸而殄滅之，生擒厥魁，獻俘闕下，由此 海內振肅。 　　詩曰：瀕海沙泥地，田禾熟倍金。男兒多狠暴，女子甚哇淫。地僻蠻夷逆， 天差正使擒。俘囚獻闕下，四海悉欽遵。 　　 ○滿剌加國（自舊港起程，順風八晝夜至此） 　　其處舊不稱國，傍海居之，山孤人少。受降於暹羅，每歲輸金四十兩，以為 納稅。田瘠少收。內一山泉流溪下，民以溪中淘沙取錫，煎銷成塊，曰斗塊，每 塊重官秤一斤四兩。及織蕉心簟。惟以斗錫通市，餘無產物。氣候朝熱暮寒。男 女椎髻，身膚黑漆，間有白者，唐人種也。俗尚淳厚，以淘釣於溪，網漁於海。 房屋如樓閣，即不鋪設，但有不條稀布，高低層次，連牀就榻，箕居而坐，飲食 廚廁俱在其上也。貨用清白磁器、五色燒珠、色絹、金銀之屬。永樂七年，皇上 命正使太監鄭和等齎捧詔敕，賜以雙台銀印，冠帶袍服，建碑封域，為滿剌加國 ，其暹羅始不敢擾。永樂十三年，酋長感慕聖，挈妻攜子貢獻方物，涉海朝謝， 聖上賞勞歸國。 　　詩曰：滿剌村寥落，山孤草木幽。青禾田少種，白錫地多收。朝至熱如暑， 暮來涼似秋。羸形漆膚體，椎髻布纏頭。鹽煮海中水，身居柵上樓。夷區風景別 ，賦詠採其由。 　　 ○九洲山 　　其山與滿剌加國接境。產沉香、黃熟香，水木叢生，枝葉茂翠。永樂七年， 正使太監鄭和等，差官兵入山採香，得莖有八九尺長者、八九尺大者六株，香清 味遠，黑花細紋，其實罕哉！番人張目吐舌，悉皆稱贊天兵之神，蛟龍走，兔虎 奔也。 　　詩曰：九洲山色秀，遠見鬱蒼蒼。四面皆環海，滿枝都是香。樹高承雨露， 歲久表禎祥。採伐勞天使，回朝獻帝王。 　　 ○蘇門答剌國 　　古名須文達那，與花面國相接。村落傍海，田瘠少收。胡椒廣產，椒藤延附 樹木而生，其葉如匾豆，其花開黃白，結椒乃累垂如棕櫚子而粒少也。只番秤一 播苛，抵我官秤三百二十斤，價銀錢二十個，重銀陸兩。金抵納即金錢也，每四 十八個，重金一兩四分。　　風俗頗淳。民下網魚為生，朝駕獨木刳舟張帆而出 海，暮則回舟。男子頭纏白布，腰圍摺布，婦女椎髻裸體，腰圍色布手巾。產鶴 頂。其瓜、茄、橘、柚酸甜之果，一種五年常花常結。有一等果皮若荔枝，如瓜 大，未剖之時，甚如爛蒜之臭，剖開取囊，如酥油美香。煮海為鹽。貨用青白磁 器、銅錢、金銀、爪哇布、色絹之屬。　　永樂十一年，偽王蘇乾剌寇竊其國， 王遣使赴闕陳訴請救，上命正使太監鄭和等統率官兵剿捕，生擒偽王。至永樂十 三年歸獻闕下，諸番振服。 　　詩曰：一覽蘇門境，山泉劃界流。胡椒林抄結，民屋海邊幽。地瘠收禾薄， 山高產木稠。三春沾雨浩，四季瘴煙浮。男子頭纏布，嬰孩體木猴。瓜茄常歲有 ，桔柚不時收。朝熱渾如暑，暮寒還似秋。精鹽色霜雪，臭果味酥油。若個夷風 俗，中華解此否。 　　 ○花面國 　　其處與蘇門答剌國接境。遠迤山地，田足稻禾。氣候不常，風俗尚厚。男女 大小皆以黑汁刺面，為花獸之狀。猱頭裸體，單布圍腰。孳生牛羊，雞鴨羅市。 不奪其弱，上下自耕自食，富不驕奢，貧不生盜，可為一區之宜也。 　　詩曰：蠻域觀風異，融和草木深。山高分地界，物阜慰民心。腰布羞還掩， 顏花墨牛侵。牛羊迷綠野，雞鴨賣黃金。頗富知仁義，雖貧肯濫淫？那堪採夷俗 ，援筆寫新吟。 　　 ○龍牙犀角 　　其地內平而外尖，下民蟻附而居之。氣候常熱，田禾時熟。俗尚淳厚。男女 椎髻，圍麻逸布，穿短衫。以親戚尊長為重，一日不見，則攜酒持肴而問安。煮 海為鹽，釀秫為酒。地產沉、速、降真、黃熟香、鶴頂、蜂蜜、砂糖。貨用土印 布、八都剌布、青白磁器之屬。 　　詩曰：遙望茲山勢，龍牙犀角峰。居民如蟻附，椎髻似猴容。汲海鹽煎雪， 懸崖蜜掇蜂。布稍圍體厚，秫米造漿濃。氣候常同夏，林花不較冬。問安行禮節 ，千載見遺風。 　　 ○龍涎嶼 　　此嶼南立海中，浮豔海面，波擊雲騰。每至春間，群龍所集於上，交戲而遺 涎沫，番人乃架獨木舟登此嶼，採取而歸。設遇風波，則人俱下海，一手附舟傍 ，一手揖水而至岸也。其龍涎初若脂膠，黑黃色，頗有魚腥之氣，久則成就大泥 。或大魚腹中剖出，若斗大圓珠，亦覺魚腥，間焚之，其發清香可愛。貨於蘇門 之市，價亦非輕，官秤一兩，用彼國金錢十二個，一斤該金錢一百九十二個，准 中國銅錢四萬九十文，尤其貴也。 　　詩曰：一片平方石，群龍任往還。身騰霄漢上，交戲海波間。吐沫人爭取， 拿舟路險難。邊夷曾見貢，歡笑動天顏。 　　 ○翠藍嶼 　　其山大小有七門，中可過船。傳聞釋迦佛經此山，浴於水，被竊其袈裟，佛 誓云：「後有穿衣者，必爛皮肉。」由此男女削髮無衣，僅有樹葉紉結而遮前後 。米穀亦無，惟在海網捕魚蝦，及蕉、椰子之為食啖也。然聞此語，未可深信。 然其往來，未得泊其山下。宣德七年壬子十月二十三日，風雨水不順，偶至此山 ，泊繫三日夜，山中之人駕獨木舟來貨椰實，舟中男婦果如前言，始知不謬矣。 　　詩曰：浩蕩翠藍嶼，叢林茂不疏。人形其獸類，椰實以瓜粗。腰掩草微有， 頭髡髮竟無。幾番揮筆寫，堪記不堪圖。 　　 ○錫蘭山國 　　其國地廣人稠，貨物各聚，亞於爪哇。國有高山，參天之聳，山頂產有青美 盤石、黃鴉鶻石、青紅寶石，每遇大雨，衝流山下，沙中尋拾得者。其海傍有珠 簾沙，常以網取螺蚌，傾入珠池內，作爛淘珠為用而貨也。海邊有一磐石，上印 足跡，長三尺許，常有水不乾，稱為先世釋迦佛從翠藍嶼來登此岸，足躡其跡， 至今為聖跡也。山下有寺，稱為釋迦佛涅▉真身，在寺側臥尚存，亦有舍利子在 其寢處。氣候常熱。俗樸富饒，米穀足收。地產寶石、珍珠、龍涎、乳香，貨用 金、銀、銅錢、青花白磁、色段、色絹之屬。男女纏頭，穿長衫，圍單布。 　　永樂七年，皇上命正使太監鄭和等齎捧詔敕、金銀供器、彩妝、織金寶幡， 佈施於寺，及建石碑以崇皇圖之治，賞賜國王頭目。其王亞烈苦奈兒負固不恭， 謀害舟師。我正使太監鄭和等深機密策，暗設兵器，三令五申，使眾銜枚疾走， 夜半之際，信炮一聲，奮勇殺入，生擒其王。永樂九年，歸獻闕下。尋蒙恩宥， 俾復歸國，四夷悉欽。 　　詩曰：地廣錫蘭國，營商亞爪哇。高峰生寶石，大雨雜泥沙。淨水宜眸子， 神光臥釋迦。池深珠燦爛，枝茂樹交加。出物奇偏貴，遺風富且奢。立碑當聖代 ，傳誦樂無涯。 　　 ○小㖵喃國 　　山連赤土，地接下里，日中為市，西洋諸國之馬頭也。本國流通使用金錢名 倘伽，每個重八分。小金錢名吧喃，四十個准大金錢一個，以便民也。田瘠而穀 少，歲藉榜葛剌米足食。氣候常熱，風淳俗美，男少女多，有南毗人。地產胡椒 ，亞於下里。乾檳榔，波羅蜜、色布，其木香、乳香、珍珠、珊瑚、酥油、孩兒 茶、梔子花，皆自他國也。貨用丁香、豆寇、蘇木、色段、麝香、金銀銅器、鐵 線、黑鉛之屬。 　　詩曰：西海㖵喃國，諸番貨殖通。民情應各別，花木總相同。珠子光涵白， 珊瑚色潤紅。何由男與女，混雜自遺風。 　　 ○柯枝國 　　其處與錫蘭山國對峙。氣候常熱，田瘠少收，村落傍海。風俗頗淳。男女椎 髻，穿短衫，圍單布。其有一種曰木瓜，無屋居之，惟穴居樹巢，臨海捕魚為業 。男女裸體，紉結樹葉或草數莖，遮其前後之羞。行路遇人，則蹲縮於道傍，伺 過方行也。地產胡椒甚廣，富家俱置板倉貯之，以售商販。行使小金錢，名吧喃 。貨用色段、白絲、青白花磁器、金銀之屬。 　　詩曰：嗟彼柯枝國，山連赤鹵場。穴居相類獸，市集更通商。米穀少收實， 胡椒積滿倉。恩宣中使至，隨處識蠻鄉。 　　 ○古里國 　　當巨海之要，與僧伽密邇，亦西濰諸番之馬頭也。山廣田瘠，麥穀頗足。風 俗甚厚，行者讓路，道不拾遺。法無刑杖，惟以石灰划地，乃為禁令。其酋長富 居深山﹔傍海為市，聚貨通商。男子穿長衫，頭纏白布。其婦女穿短衫，圍色布 ，兩耳懸帶金牌落索數枚，其頂上珍珠、寶石、珊瑚連瓔珞，臂腕足脛皆金銀鐲 ，手足指皆金廂寶石戒指，髻椎腦後，容白髮黑，嬌美可觀。其有一種裸身之人 曰木瓜，與柯枝同。地產胡椒，亞於下里，俱有倉廩貯之，待商之販。有薔薇露 、波羅蜜、孩兒茶、印花被面、手巾，其有珊瑚、珍珠、乳香、木香、金箔之類 ，皆由別國之來。其能蓄好馬，自西番而來，動經金錢千百為疋。其國若西番馬 來，本國馬來不買，則議為國空之言也。貨用金銀、色段、青花白磁器、珍珠、 麝香、水銀、樟腦之屬。 　　詩曰：古里通西域，山青景色奇。路遺人不拾，家富自無欺。酋長施仁恕， 人民重禮儀。將書夷俗事，風化得相宜。 　　 ○忽魯謨斯國 　　其國傍海而居，聚民為市。地無草木，牛、羊、馬、駝皆食海魚之乾。風俗 頗淳。壘石為城，酋長深居，練兵畜馬。田瘠麥廣，穀米少收，民下富饒。山連 五色，皆是鹽也。鑿之鏇為器皿盤碟之類，食物就而不加鹽也。壘堆石而為屋， 有三四層者，其廚廁臥室待客之所，俱在上也。男子拳髮，穿長衫，善弓矢騎射 。女子編髮四垂，黃繚其項，穿長衫。出則布幔兜頭，面用紅青紗一方蔽之，兩 耳輪用掛珞索金錢數枚，以青石磨水，妝點眼眶唇臉花紋為美。項掛寶石、珍珠 、珊瑚，紉為瓔珞。臂腕腿足俱金銀鐲，此富家之規也。行使金銀錢，產有珍珠 、金箔、寶石、龍涎香、撒哈剌、梭眼、絨毯。貨用金銀、青白花磁器、五色段 絹、木香、金銀香、檀香、胡椒之屬。 　　詩曰：忽魯謨斯國，邊城傍海居。鹽山高壘嵂，酋長富盈餘。原隰唯收麥， 牛羊總食魚。女纏珠珞索，男坐翠氍毹。瑪瑙珊瑚廣，龍涎寶石珠。蠻邦成絕域 ，歷覽壯懷舒。 　　 ○剌撒國 　　倚海而居，土石為城。連山廣地，草木不生，牛、羊、駝、馬皆食魚乾。民 俗頗淳。氣候常熱，田瘠少收，唯麥略有。數年無雨，鑿井絞車，羊皮袋水。男 女拳髮，穿長衫、婦人妝點兜頭，與忽魯謨斯國同。壘石築土，為屋三四層者， 其上廚爨東廁臥室待客，其下奴僕居之。地產龍涎香、乳香、千里駱駝，餘無物 也。貨用金銀、色段、色絹、磁器、米穀、胡椒之屬。 　　詩曰：海丘名剌撒，絕雨亦無寒。層石壘高屋，狂濤激遠灘。金銀營土產， 駝馬食魚乾。雖有龍涎貨，蠻鄉不可看。 　　 ○榜葛剌國 　　其處曰西印度之地。西通金剛寶座，曰紹納福兒，乃釋迦佛得道之所。永樂 十年並永樂十三年二次，上命太監侯顯等統領舟師，齎捧詔敕，賞賜國王、王妃 、頭目，至其國海口，有港曰察地港，立抽分之所。其王知我中國寶船到彼，遣 部領齎衣服等物，人馬千數迎接。港口起程十六站，至鎖納兒江，有城池街市， 聚貨通商。又差齎禮象馬迎接，再行二十站，至板獨哇，是酋長之居處。城郭甚 嚴，街道鋪店，連楹接棟，聚貨甚有。其王之居，皆磚石▉砌高廣，殿宇平頂， 白灰為之。入去內門三重，九間長殿，其柱皆黃銅包飾，雕琢花獸。左右長廊， 內設明甲馬隊千餘，外列巨漢，明盔明甲，執鋒劍弓矢，威儀之甚。丹墀左右， 設孔雀翎傘蓋百數，又置象隊百數於殿前。其於正殿設高座，嵌八寶，箕踞坐其 上，劍橫於膝。乃令銀柱杖二人，皆穿白纏頭，來引導前，五步一呼，至中則止 。又金柱杖二人，接引如前禮。其王恭禮拜迎詔敕，初叩謝加額。開讀賞賜，受 畢，鋪絨毯於殿地，待我天使，宴我官兵，禮之甚厚。燔炙牛羊，禁不飲酒，恐 亂其性，抑不遵禮，惟以薔薇露和香蜜水飲之也。宴畢，復以金盔、金繫腰、金 盆、金瓶奉贈天使，其副使皆以銀盔、銀繫腰、銀盆、銀瓶之類，其下之官，亦 以金鈴紉苧絲長衣贈之，兵士俱有銀盞錢，蓋此國有禮富足者矣。其後恭置金筒 銀葉表文，差使臣齎捧，貢獻方物於廷。　　其國風俗甚淳，男子白布纏頭，穿 白布長衫，足穿金線羊皮靴，濟濟然亦其文字者。眾凡交易，雖有萬金，但價定 打手，永無悔改。婦女穿短衫，圍色布線錦，然不施脂粉，其色自然嬌白，兩耳 垂寶鈿，項掛瓔珞，髻椎腦後，四腕金鐲，手足戒指，可為一觀。其有一種人曰 印度，不食牛肉。凡飲食，男女不同處，夫死妻不再嫁，妻喪夫不再娶。若孤寡 無倚，一村之家輪養之，不容別村求食，足見義氣所尚也。田沃豐足，一歲二收 ，不用耘耔，隨時自宜，男女勤於耕織。果有波羅蜜，大如斗，甘甜香美。奄摩 勒，香酸甚佳。其餘瓜果、蔬菜、牛、馬、雞、羊、鳧、鴨、海魚之類甚廣。通 使海貝，准錢市用。地產細布、撒哈剌、絨毯兜羅錦、水晶、瑪瑙、珊瑚、珍珠 、寶石、糖蜜、酥油、翠毛、各色手巾、被面。貨用金銀、布段、色絹、青白花 磁器、銅錢、麝香、銀朱、水銀、草蓆、胡椒之屬。 　　詩曰：葛剌宗西域，留傳教不衰。兵戎皆有法，文字悉週知。貨市排珍寶， 轅門簇羽旗。柱樑雕飾彩，階級引行儀。不飲羞燔炙，平鋪毯陸離。分邊盤坐處 ，異廣在餐時。言誓冰霜操，嬌顏玉雪姿。波羅大如斗，摩勒壓連枝。耘耔何曾 用，豐穰只自宜。照臨天廣遠，採拾句搜奇。恩照欽華夏，流風實外夷。小臣存 悃幅，隨表進丹墀。 End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Xing Cha Sheng Lan, by Xin Fei *** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG 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