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Title: Catalogo Instructivo de las Colecciones Mineralogicas

Author: E. Hermitte and G. Bodenbender

Release Date: December 22, 2006 [Ebook #20159]

Language: Spanish

Character set encoding: US-ASCII


***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CATALOGO INSTRUCTIVO DE LAS COLECCIONES MINERALOGICAS***





                           REPUBLICA ARGENTINA

                        MINISTERIO DE AGRICULTURA
                 DIVISION DE MINAS, GEOLOGIA E HIDROLOGIA



          Catalogo Instructivo de las Colecciones Mineralogicas

                                ESCOLARES

                    E. HERMITTE  - Jefe de la Division

               G. Bodenbender - Jefe de la Seccion Geologia



                              BUENOS AIRES
          Talleres de publicationes de la Oficina Meteorologica
                                   1905






I. CARACTERES MORFOLOGICOS


CRISTALES--(sueltos o en agregados).

Cubo de Pirita de    No 5a   No 5a*
hierro
Deltoedro del        " 92
Analcima
Dodecaedro           " 72    " 34* y 34a*
rombico, Deltoedro
o combinacion de
los dos (Granate)
Piramide hexagonal   " 26a
del Cuarzo
Piramide hexagonal   " 26    " 16*
con prisma del
Cuarzo
Romboedro del        " 43    " 23* y 24*
Espato calizo
Escalenoedro del     " 44
Espato calizo
Cristales rombicos   " 64
(prisma con
pinacoide) de la
Baritina
Prisma monoclinico   " 59
con hemipiramide
(incompleta) del
Yeso
Prisma monoclinico   " 90
del Feldespato

NOTA.--Los numeros con estrella se refleren a la coleccion escolar
primaria, los otros a la coleccion escolar secundaria.

TEXTURA DE DE LOS AGREGADOS. (Forma interior)

1)  _Agregados
granulosos._
(Grano grueso,
medio grueso y
fino, con
transiciones al
fibroso y
laminar).
Hierro magnetico        " 35   " 19*
Marmol                  " 50   " 43*
Sal comun               " 40   " 20*
Yeso, etc               " 62   " 30*
2)  _Agregados
fibrosos_.--(Gruesos,
medio
gruesos,finos,
paralelos,
radiados,
reticulados,
etcetera).
Yeso                    " 60   " 29*
Boronatrocalcita        " 42   " 22*
Asbesto                 " 84   " 36*
3) _Agregados
laminares_--hojosos,
micaceos.
Yeso                    " 61
Mica                    " 74   " 33*
Hematita, etc.          " 21
4) _Agregados
homogencos_.
Onix-Marmol             " 19   " 26*

NOTA.--Los agregados compactos estan en contraposicion a los porosos.

FORMAS EXTERIORES DE LOS AGREGADOS.

1) _Estalactitas_    " 47
2) _Alambres y
chapas_:
Oro, Plata, Cobre    " 2, 3, 4   " 2*, 3*, y 4*
3) _Concreciones_:
Tosca                " 51        " 44*
Boronatrocalcita     " 42        " 22*
4) _Drusas_.
(Secreciones):
Espato de cal        " 43
Analcima             " 92
5) _Costras,
revestimientos,
pegaduras_:
Azurita              " 58        " 28*
Descloizita          " 71
6)
_Eflorescencias_:
Alumbre              " 65
Sulfato de           " 66
magnesio
7) _Embutidas_:
Granate en           " 73
feldespato, etc.
Hierro cromifero     " 36
en Serpentina
8) _Vetas o          "  19
filones_.
(Agregados de
orden superior)
Galena, blenda,
etc., con cuarzo o
espato de hierro,
etc.
FOSILES.--(Formas
organicas)
Plantas fosiles      " 100       " 50*
(carbonizadas)
Madera fosil         "  34       " 18*
silicificada
Animales fosiles     "  99       " 49*
SEUDOMORFISMO.
(Epigenias):
Hierro pardo en      "   6
cubos, por
descomposicion de
pirita de hierro
MACLAS. (Gemelos),
multiples,
caracterizados por
estriamiento sobre
los planos de
clivaje.
Espato de cal        "  45





II. CARACTERES FISICOS


CLIVAJE, (o cruceros):

A) Segun la
posicion de los
planos de clivaje:
1)  _Octaedrico:_
Hierro magnetico     " 35
2)  _Cubico:_
Galena               "  7        " 6*
3)  _Romboedrico:_
Espato de cal        " 45 y 46   " 23* y 24*
4)  _Prismatico:_
Antimonita           " 12
Enargita             " 17
B) Segun el grado
de perfeccion:
1) _Sumamente
perfecto_:
Mica                 " 74        " 33*
2) _Muy perfecto_:
Galena               " 7 y 8     " 6*
Espato de cal        " 45 y 46   " 23* y 24*
3) _Imperfecto o
muy imperfecto._
Cuarzo               " 26 y 27   " 16*
Granate              " 72

FRACTURA.--A) Segun la forde la superficie:

1) _Concoidal_:
(factura del
vidrio grueso)
(Obsidiana).
2) _Desigual_:
Pirita de hierro    " 5
Cuarzo              " 86        " 17*
3) _Llana_.
Piedra Cornea.
B) Segun la
calidad de de la
superficie:
_Lisa_:
Piedra cornea y
Calcedonia.
2) _Astillosa_:
Triplita            " 70
3) _Erizada_:
Oro, Plata, Cobre   " 2, 3, 4   " 2*, 3* y 4*
4) _Terrosa_:
Hematita ocracea    " 22        " 11*
Kaolina             " 94        " 37*

DUREZA.--Escala de dureza:

1) Talco           " 80
2) Yeso            " 62   " 30*
3) Espato de cal   " 45   " 23*
4) Espato fluor    " 41   " 21*
5) Apatita         " 69
6) Ortoclasa       " 91   " 35*
7) Cuarzo          " 28   " 16*
8) Topacio.
9) Corindon.
10) Diamante.



1) Minerales muy
blandos, rayados
por la una (grados
1 hasta 3)
Oro, Plata, Cobre    " 2, 3, 4   " 2*, 3* y 4*
Galena               " 7         " 6*
Sal comun            " 40        " 20*
Yeso                 " 60 y 63   " 29* y 30*
Mica                 " 74        " 33*
Kaolina              " 94        " 37*
2) Minerales que
no son rayados por
la una, pero si
por la punta de un
cuchillo (grados 3
hasta 5).
Blenda               " 10        " 7*
Calcita              " 43        " 22*
Espato fluor         " 41        " 21*
3) Minerales que
no son rayados por
la punta de un
cuchillo (grados 6
en adelante).
Feldespato.          No 91       No 35*
Cuarzo               " 28        " 16* y 17*
Granate etc.         " 72        " 34*

TENACIDAD _1_) _fragiles:_

Pirita de hierro   "  5         "  5*
Cuarzo             " 26 etc.    " 17*
Caliza etc.        " 43  "      " 22* y 23*
2) _Sectiles:_     "  9
Chalcosina
Talco              " 81
3) _Maleables_     "  2, 3, 4   "  2, 3, 4*
(ductil): Oro,
Plata, Cobre
4) _Elasticos:_    " 74         " 33*
Mica
5) _Flexibles_
(Clorita, Talco,
Asbesto).

LUSTRE a)--_Segun
cantidad. Mui
lustroso:_
Mica                      " 74           " 33*
Espato de Islandia        " 45           " 23*
_Lustroso:_
Galena                    "  7           "  6*
Granate                   " 72           " 34*
_Poco lustroso:_
Feldespato                " 91           " 35*
Berilo                    " 88
_Mate:_
Caolina                   " 94           " 37*
_b) Segun calidad:
Metalico:_
Oro, Plata, Cobre         "  2, 3, y 4   "  2*, 3* y 4*
Pirita de hierro          "  5           "  5*
etc.
_Diamantino:_
(Diamente)--_Vidrioso:_
Espato de cal             " 45           "   23*
Cuarzo (sobre las caras   " 26           " 16*
de los cristales
_Grasoso:_ (o             " 26 y 27      " 16 y 17*
resinoso): Cuarzo sobre
los planos de de
fractura)
Wolframita (sobre los     " 67           " 31*
planos  de fractura
_Perlado:_ (nacarado).
Mica                      " 74           " 33*
Crisotila                 " 83           " 36*
_Sedoso:_
Wolastonita               " 85
Aragonita                 " 52
Alumbre                   " 65
Boronatrocalcita          " 22           " 22*

DIAFANIDAD:
_Transparente:_
Espato de Islandia     " 45   " 23*
_Semi-transparente:_
Cuarzo                 " 26   " 16*
_Translucido:_
Onyx                   " 49   " 26*
_Semi translucido:_
Feldespato             " 90   " 35*
_Opacos:_
Oro, Plata, Pirita
de hierro,  etc.

COLOR: _Minerales
incoloros_ (en su
estado puro)
Cuarzo               " 26   " 16*
Sal comun            " 40   " 20*
Espato de Islandia   " 45   " 23*
2) _Minerales con
colores_  propios
(idiocromaticos)
Oro, Plata, Cobre.
Pirita de hierro     "  5   "  5*
Malaquita            " 56   " 28*
3) _Minerales con
colores
accidentales_
(alocromaticos)
Cuarzo rosado        " 29   " 17*
Onyx--Marmol         " 49   " 26*
Espato-Fluor         " 41   " 21*
Granate              " 72   " 34*
Feldespato           " 91   " 35*

COLORES METALICOS:
_Blancos:_
Blanco de plata      "  3   "  4*
(Blanco de estano)
_Amarillos:_
De oro               "  2   "  2*
De bronce            "  5   "  5*
De laton             " 13   "  9*
_Gris:_
De plomo             "  7   "  6*
_Rojo:_
De cobre             "  4   "  3*
_Negro:_
De acero hasta
negro de  hierro
Enargita             " 17   " 10*
Hematita             " 20   " 12*
Pirolusita           " 24   " 13*

COLORES NO
METALICOS:
_Blancos_   (tipo
blanco de nieve):
Yeso                 Nº 60        Nº 29* y 30*
Caliza               "  46 y 47   "  24* y 25*
Wolastonita          "  85
_Grises_ (tipo
gris de ceniza):
Tierra de            "  33
infusorios
_Negros_ (tipo
negro de
terciopelo):
Turmalina            " 76         " 32*
Carbon de piedra     " 97         " 38*
_Azules_ (tipo
azul de Prusia):
Azurita              " 58         " 28*
_Verdes_ (tipo
verde de
esmeralda):
Malaquita            " 56         " 28*
Onix-marmol          " 49         " 26*
Crisocola            " 79
Apatita              " 69
Epidota              " 77 y 78
Serpentina           " 82
_Amarillos_ (tipo
amarillo de
limon).
Azufre               " 1          "  1*
Ocre de hierro       " 39         " 15*
_Rojos_ (tipo
rojo-carmesi):
Hematita ocracea     " 22         " 11*
Cuarzo rosado        " 29         " 17*
_Pardos_ (tipo
pardo de castano):
Limonita             " 37         " 14*
Triplita             " 70

RAYA (color del
polvo del
mineral):
1) Minerales
incoloros (al
estado puro) o
alocromaticos.
Tienen por lo
comun      un
polvo blanco
o gris:
Cuarzo rosado        " 29   " 17*
Espato fluor         "  4   " 21*
Turmalina            " 76   " 32*
Feldespato           " 91   " 35*
2) Minerales con
colores
propios
(idiocromaticos).
El color del
mineral y de
su polvo no
difieren o
son por lo menos
parecidos:
Galena (polvo        "  7   "  6*
gris-oscuro)
Hematita (polvo      " 20   " 11*
rojo-parduzco)
Malaquita (polvo     " 56   " 28*
verde)
3)  Minerales
maleables. Se
ponen lustrosos
por frotamiento:
Oro, plata, cobre.

COLORES MULTIPLES
(por agregacion):
Espato fluor        " 41   " 21*

COLORES
SUPERFICIALES
(abigarrados,
en mayor parte
debido a una
descomposicion
quimica):
Pirita de cobre   " 13, 14   "  9*

IRISACION:
Espato de
Islandia.

FOSFORESCENCIA:
Cuarzo, Espato
fluor, etc.

DOBLE REFRACCION:
Espato de
Islandia. etc.

ELECTRICIDAD:
_Azufre_, Cuarzo,
Espato calizo,
Mica, Turmalina.

MAGNETISMO: Hierro   35   "    19*
magnetico

PESO ESPECIFICO:
(Densidad)
0,6 ..  1
Kerosene, Agua
1   ..  1,5
Hulla.
1,5 ..  2,0
Alumbre.
2,0 ..  2,5  Yeso,
Sal comun.
2,5 ..  3,0
Cuarzo, Calcita,
Feldespato.
3,0 ..  3,5
Espato Fluor,
Turmalina.
3,5 ..  4,0
Malaquita,
Azurita.
4,0 ..  4,5
Pirita de cobre,
Blenda.
4,5 ..  5,5
Pirita de hierro,
Cobre gris.
5,5 ..  6,5
_Magnetita,_
Chalcosina.
6,5 ..  8
Cerusita,
Casiterita,
Galena.
8,5 .. 10,0
Cobre, Bismuto.
10,0 .. 14,0
Plata, Plomo,
Mercurio.
15,0 .. 21    Oro,
platino.
21,5 .. 23
Iridio.





III. CARACTERES FISIOLOGICOS


1) Por frotamiento
emite  olor a
azufre:
Pirita de hierro     "  5    "  5*
2) Cuando se le
echa el  aliento
emite olor
terroso:
Kaolina y tierras    " 94    " 37*
3) Se pega a la
lengua:
Kaolina y tierras    "  94   " 37*
4) Untuoso al
tacto;
Talco                "  81
5) Sabor salino:
Sal comun            " 40    " 20*
6) Sabor salino
amargo:
Sulfato de           " 66
magnesio
7) Sabor metalico:
Vitriolo de cobre.





IV. CARACTERES QUIMICOS(1)


FUSIBILIDAD 1)
Minerales
facilmente
fusibles (fusibles
con la llama de
una      vela:
Antimonita, Sal
comun.
2) Dificilmente
fusibles a      un
globulito:
Granate
(Almandina).
3) Facilmente
fusibles en
astillas finas:
Feldespato.
4) Dificilmente
fusibles en
astillas:
Bronzita.
5) Infusibles a la
llama del
soplete:
Cuarzo.
Segun Kobell, hay
siete      grades
de fusibilidad.
1) Antimonita.
2) Natrolita.
3) Almandina.
4) Actinolita.
5) Ortoclasa.
6) Bronzita.
7) Cuarzo.

SUBLIMACION:
(total o parcial).
Azufre, Pirita de
hierro,

SOLUBILIDAD: _A)_
En agua:      _Sal
comun._
_B)_ En acido
clorhidrico:
1) Con
desprendimiento de
acido carbonico:
_Caliza._
2) Con
desprendimiento de
cloro:
_Pirolusita._
3) Con
desprendimiento de
acido sulfhidrico:
_Blenda._
_C)_ En acido
nitrico, con
desprendimiento de
bioxido      de
nitrogeno (vapores
rutilantes):
_Hierro
magnetico._
_D_)  Parcialmente
solubles      en
los acidos:
1) Sulfuros,
solubles en
acido nitrico
concentrado,
con separacion de
azufre: _Blenda,
Pirita de
hierro_.
2) Silicatos
solubles en acido
clorhidrico con
separacion      de
acido silicico.
_a_) Bajo la forma
de polvo
arenoso:
_Serpentina_.
_b_) Bajo la forma
de masa
gelatinosa:
_Wolastonita_.
3)  Wolframatos
solubles      (en
polvo muy fino) en
acido clorhidrico
concentrado,
separandose acido
wolframico:
_Wolframita_.
_E_)  Insolubles
en los acidos
_Cuarzo, Espato
fluor_,
_Feldespato_.

DISGREGACION  DE MINERALES
INSOLUBLES EN      LOS ACIDOS por
fusion      con carbonatos alcalinos:
_Cuarzo, Feldespato._

INVESTIGACION DE
LOS COMPONENTES
MAS IMPORTANTES.
_Agua_. Agua
higroscopica:
Sal comun.
Agua de
cristalizacion:
Yeso.
Agua de
cristalizacion y
de  constitucion:
Serpentina.
_Acido sulfhidrico
o azufre:_ Galena,
Blenda.
_Acido
clorhidrico:_ Sal
comun.
_Acido
fluorhidrico:_
Espato  fluor.
_Acido sulfurico:_
Yeso.
_Acido fosorico:_
Apatita.
_Acido carbonico:_
Espato  de cal,
Cerusita.
_Acido silicico:
Serpentina,
Feldespato,
Wolastonita._
_Cobre:_ Pirita de
cobre.
Crisocola.
_Zinc:_ Blenda.
_Plomo:_ Galena.
Cerusita.
_Hierro:_ Pirita
de hierro.
Hierro magnetico.
_Antimonio:_
Antimonita.
Enargita.
_Arsenico:_ Hierro
arsenical.
_Manganeso:_
Pirolusita.
Wolframita.
_Aluminio:_
Alumbre.
Ortoclasa.
_Calcio:_ Espato
de cal.
Yeso.
_Magnesio:_
Sulfato de
magnesio.
_Sodio:_ Sal
comun.
_Potasio:_
Feldespato.





COLECCION DE MUESTRAS DE ENSAYO


N.º  1 Blenda.
"    2 Galena.
"    3 Pirita de hierro.
"    4 Limonita o Hematita.
"    5 Cuarzo.
"    6 Pirolusita.
"    7 Espato fluor.
"    8 Sal comun.
"    9 Espato calizo.
"    10 Cerusita.
"    11 Yeso.
"    12 Sulfato de magnesia.
"    13 Apatita.
"    14 Wolframita.
"    15 Serpentina.
"    16 Wolastonita.
"    17 Crisocola.
"    18 Feldespato.





ALGUNOS EJEMPLOS DE LA FORMACION DE MINERALES


A) _Minerales
formados en
disoluciones
acuosas por
evaporacion del
agua:_
Sal comun            Nº 40
Yeso                 "  59
Calcedonia           "  31
Cuarzo               "  27
cristalizado
B) _Minerales
formados en
disoluciones
acuosas cargadas
de acido
carbonico,     por
evaporacion de
este ultimo._
Espato calizo        Nº 44, etc.   (dentro de grietas
                                   que cruzan el
                                   marmol.
Estalactitas         "  47         (dentro de
                                   cavernas
                                   en caliza).
Travertina           "  48         (en agua bajo la
                                   accion
                                   de plantas).
Onyx-Marmol          "  49         (en aguas
                                   calientes)
C) _Minerales
formados por
procesos quimicos;
par     la accion
del oxigeno,
del acido
carbonico y del
agua:_
1) Limonita, por     Nº 38
descomposicion
de Pirita de
hierro
3) Cerusita, por     "  53
descomposicion
de Galena
4) Malaquita por     "   4
descomposicion
de Cobre
5) Analcima, por     "  92
descomposicion
de Basalto
6) Caolina, por      "  94
descomposicion
de Feldespato
D) _Minerales
formados en
una masa fusion
(rocas
eruptivas)_
Feldespato en        "  91
granito
Cuarzo               "  28
Mica en granito      " 74
Anfibol              " 86
E) _Minerales en
filones metalicos,
como: Galena,
Pirita de hierro,
Blenda,     etc.,
formados:_
1) por
procedimientos de
disoluciones
acuosas, ej.:
sulfato de hierro,
ha sido
reducido a sulfuro
de hierro,    o
2) por accion del
gas sulfhidrico
(o sulfuros
alcalinos)
sobre
disoluciones;
ej.: carbonato de
plomo,
transformado en
galena:
3) por sublimacion
de gases    (casos
raros)
4) por reduccion
de sus
disoluciones o de
minerales
compuestos: oro
nativo    por
reduccion de
cloruro    de oro;
cobre nativo    en
parte por
reduccion    de
oxido de cobre
(cobre    rojo) o
de malaquita
(carbonato    de
cobre)






***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CATALOGO INSTRUCTIVO DE LAS COLECCIONES MINERALOGICAS***



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December 22, 2006

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